商务英语

0541《商务英语》2019年6月期末考试指导

1、 考试说明

本课程期末采取闭卷考试的考核方式，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。考试题型如下：

1、 阅读与理解（每空2分，共60分）

阅读与理解有三个部分，第一部分是单项选择题，10小题共20分，第二部分是完形填空，10小题共20分，第三部分是阅读理解，两篇文章，每篇5小题，共20分。

2、 商务翻译（共20分）

商务翻译有两个部分，第一部分是短语翻译，5个英译汉，5个汉译英，10小题共10分，第二部分是句子翻译，汉译英，5小题共10分。

3、 商函写作（共20分）

这部分根据题目要求撰写商务往来邮件。

2、 重点复习内容

第一部分：阅读与理解

Section A 单项选择题

答题技巧：单项选择题一般都是直接考察商务英语相关的语法和词汇的理解和运用，依靠的是同学们平时的积累和训练。具体要求：1、对词类的词形变化规则要熟悉，概念要清楚，记忆要准确，联想要快捷。2、在句中填写单词或短语时，注意看清所填单词在句中充当的成分，看清所填单词前面的修饰语，看是否是固定句式或惯用搭配。3、利用句子提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析和推理，便能轻而易举地猜出词义，选出单词。

单选题的作答有一些小技巧：1、直接利用题目当中出现的选项和题干得出答案。2、利用题目当中出现的关键词推断得到题目考察的固定搭配。3、如果题目的选项有类似，两个选项表达的是同一个意思，那么一般来说这两个选项都不是正确答案。4、根据题干的信息，采用排除法去掉不适合的答案，再从剩下的选项当中做决策。

在做词汇类题目的时候，可以通过以下方法排除错误答案：A.选项本身语法错误，如主谓、时态不一致，形式不符；B.选项议题与谈话主题无关；C.选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点。

同学们在复习的时候，首先是要掌握好每个单元的单词和短语，并区分词义相近单词的用法。这方面的题目往往充满陷阱，答题时一定要做到仔细，不能一晃而过。考试前同学们一定要把课件里面每单元的单词短语好好复习下，熟悉他们在课文中的用法，多读几遍课文，做题的时候才会有语感。

下面列出一些商务词汇的解析，帮助大家了解商务词汇的用法：

1、coverage n.保险总额，承保范围，保险险别

【商务用语】

additional extended coverage 追加保险额

assets coverage 资产担保率

commodity coverage 商品范围

deductible coverage 应扣除保险额

2、crane n.起重机

【商务用语】

cargo crane 船货起重机

bow charging crane 船头装货起重机

container crane 集装箱起重机

stevedoring crane 装卸起重机

3、crash n.破产；市场崩溃；暴跌（物价）vi.垮台

【例句】

The stock market crash of 1929 ruined many people.

1929年股市的崩溃使许多人破产。

4、credibility n.信誉

【商务用语】

credibility gap 信用差距；言行不一

5、creditable adj.可信的

【商务用语】

creditable tax 可抵免税款

6、bootleg vt.非法制造酒等；走私

【例句】

The company bootlegged corn whiskey during Prohibition.

那家公司在禁酒期间偷运玉米威士忌。

7、bottleneck n.瓶颈状态；薄弱环节；阻塞现象；影响生产流程的因素 vt.阻塞，妨碍

【商务用语】

bottleneck commodity 稀缺商品

bottleneck problem 薄弱环节问题

bottleneck inflation 瓶颈式通货膨胀，短线涨价

bottleneck industry 薄弱环节产业

【例句】

Production of material has bottlenecked.

原料的生产受到了阻碍。

8、bounty n.奖励金，补助金

【商务用语】

export bounty 出口津贴

import bounty 进口奖励金

【例句】

We received a bounty from the government.

我们收到政府给予的一笔补助金。

9、boycott n.联合抵制 vt.联合抵制；联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交；联合拒购

【商务用语】

credit boycott 拒付货款

primary boycott 直接抵制

boycott a commercial product 抵制某种商品

boycott a nation 对某国实行抵制

【例句】

They are boycotting the shop because the people who work there are on strike to boycott a meeting.

他们拒绝购买那家商店的货物，因为店里的员工正在为联合抵制一个会议而罢工。

10、brainstorm n.灵机一动 vt.集中各人智慧猛攻

【例句】

We need to brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem.

我们需要群策群力，设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法。

下面再举出几个词汇短语的选择题，让大家了解一下此类题型的做法：

1.    Benefits _____ health insurance, a three-week vacation, and paid sick leave.

A.    consist of B. consisting C. will consist D. are consisting

解析：Benefits是主语，所以空格处是谓语动词。health insurance以下部分是宾语，consist是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，必须和of连用。因此A选项是正确答案。consist of意为“由……构成”。

词汇：benefits 福利，津贴 health insurance 健康保险

paid 带薪 sick leave 病假

2.    Only managers may access _____ company files on the network.

A.    exact B. aware C. sensitive D. concerned

解析： 空格处应当是修饰 company files 的形容词，因此首先排除不能充当定语只能起叙述作用的形容词aware。句意为：“只有管理者能够接触在网络上的_____公司文件。”因此C项“高度机密的，敏感的”最为合适。

词汇：manager 管理者 access 接触，获得使用权

file 文件夹 network 网络

3.    Online customers will get a 20 percent discount on first and business class _____ .

A.    upgrade B. upgrades C. upgraded D. upgrading

解析：first and business class _____ 在句子中充当 on 的宾语，所以空格处应当是名词，这样答案就在 A 和B 项中。upgrade 表示“升级”，是可数名词，因此复数形式的B是正确答案。

词汇：first class 一等舱 business class 商务舱 discount 打折，优惠

Section B 完型填空

答题技巧：完型填空是试卷中较难的题型，因为它既涉及到对考生词汇量的考查，又涉及到对语法、阅读理解能力的考查。完型填空必须建立在理解文章的基础上，所以考生不能还没有读完文章就开始进行选择，而应该先进行第一遍快速阅读，争取这第一遍阅读后就能够大致了解文章的大意、主题、作者的观点。然后对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较，并考虑到全文整体意境的影响，做到上下文呼应。一个题目的正确选项，必须做到意思和语法都正确。如介词后面的代词必然是宾格，情态动词后要用动词原形以及一些固定的短语搭配等等。借助已补空缺，重新细读全文。把所选择的词或短语放到文章中去，看看上下文的句意是否通顺，逻辑推理是否合理，语法是否恰当。

Section C 阅读理解题

答题技巧：做阅读理解的时候，最重要的一点：平和的心态。给大家谈一下做阅读理解题的步骤。

第一步，先看问题，带着问题看文章，这样才会心中有数，知道在什么地方应该留意。

第二步，浏览全文，掌握全貌。尤其要注意每一段的段首句或段尾句以及第一自然段和最后一个自然段。因为这些地方往往是文章的主旨所在地。

第三步，细读原文。这一遍细读就要抓住时间、地点等细节性的信息和一些表示转折、因果关系等的连接词，并且领会文章的寓意。

第四步，初选答案。最后，重读原文，仔细斟酌答案。

解题方法大致有以下几种：直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。排除法。综合推理法。当题干中有"suggest, infer, conclude, probably, likely"等字眼时，就需要用到综合推理法。着眼于全篇进行分析和推理。

第二部分：商务翻译

答题技巧：本部分试题分为两个部分，第一部分是短语翻译，大家要掌握商务英语固定短语的搭配和词义。第二部分句子翻译，主要是汉译英。试题主要涉及商务英语词汇、语法、句型以及习惯用法等诸多方面的内容，是对商函写作的基本能力的考查。要想提高汉译英的解题能力，首先要熟记固定短语和习惯用法，然后对其句型、语法以及句子结构认真分析，确保写出地道的英语句子。其次还必须注意其时态、语态的特点，谓语动词的正确形式以及主从句的成分是否齐全等，确保所写句子的表达合乎英语习惯。最后还须认真检查，看句子是否通顺。要做好本题，还是要熟读课文，熟记商务英语固定句型和相关表达方式。

第三部分：商函写作

答题技巧：本部分考察大家对商函格式的掌握和商务翻译能力。大家要认真复习每个单元的写作部分，掌握每种商函的格式、称呼、结束礼辞、日期及具体内容的表达方法。熟读例文并背诵重点句子和段落。

1. 格式问题：收信人的姓名和地址置于信纸的左上方地址、称呼和结束礼词后没有标点符号日期在右上方段落从定格开始，段落之间的行距为两行，写信人的名字和头衔在签名下方。

2. 称呼和结束礼词的注意事项：称呼的写法遵循下列原则：

称呼与结束礼词存在对应的关系，请特别注意：

以下均为错误用法：Dear Mr. John、Dear Mr. John Smith

3. 日期：在英国英语中，天在前，但是在美国英语中，月份在前。所以某些特别的时期容易引起误解。例如：12 06 2014 在英国指的是：6月21日；在美国指的是：12月6日，因此日期要写成：12 June 2014，即月份用单词表示，就不会引起误解。

要记住月份使用大写字母开头。天后可不必写th、rd、nd或者st。

三、重点习题

第一部分：阅读与理解

Section A 单项选择题

（ ）1．Customers have become less loyal to brands and are more willing to to lower-priced coffee products.

A. trade in B. trade for C. trade up D. trade down

（ ）2． stipulated in our Sales Confirmation No. 593, each bicycle is enclosed in a corrugated cardboard pack.

A. Since B. As C. For D. Because

（ ）3．We have Julian Montero, the Argentine supplier of the wine we are importing.

A. touched B. contacted C. linked D. contacted with

（ ）4．You now wish to advance the date of shipment one month.

A. by B. to C. for D. at

（ ）5．Telecommunication companies belong to the tertiary of industry.

A. section B. sector C. area D. part

（ ）6．We are now enclosing our spring catalogue and price list CIF Shanghai.

A. quoted B. to quote C. having quoted D. quoting

（ ）7．The price of the catalogue is against your first order.

A. removable B. replaceable C. rechargeable D. refundable

（ ）8．We can only assume that an oversight has been made in making the order.

A. down B. out C. for D. up

（ ）9．We would like to take this opportunity to write to you the hope of establishing business relations with you.

A. at B. for C. with D. in

（ ）10．If a company wishes to enter the Chinese market, it usually looks for a

local who will cooperate in setting up a joint venture.

A. man B. talent C. manager D. partner

参考答案：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5. B 6.D 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.D

Section B 完型填空

Passage One

Before marketing yourself globally, it is important to 1 your business is ready to deal with challenges presented by the international environment 2

language and cultural barriers, foreign laws, order fulfillment, and pre/post sales support.

Language and Culture - Neither technical accuracy 3 perfect translation is sufficient when considering the language you will communicate through. It is important to really understand how a language is used by the people in your 4 market.

Regional Laws - All phases of product 5 are affected by regulations.

（ ）1．A. ensure B. assure C. reassure D. sure

（ ）2．A. excluding B. excluded C. including D. included

（ ）3．A. so B. nor C. and D. or

（ ）4．A. local B. own C. target D. home

（ ）5．A. sales B. exhibition C. promotion D. development

Passage Two

Dear Mr. Wong

We thank you very much for your 1 of Aug 3. After careful consideration on your request, however, we have come to the conclusion that we cannot but 2 the said order.

In order to 3 the specifications for your order we would have to 4 a large amount of special equipment at our plant, and this would not be possible before January next year without interrupting our normal 5 .

（ ）1．A. offer B. order C. enquiry D. quotation

（ ）2．A. cancel B. decline C. accept D. return

（ ）3．A. buy B. recover C. make D. meet

（ ）4．A. install B. produce C. deliver D. ship

（ ）5．A. delivery B. production C. shipment D. product

参考答案：

Passage One 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D

Passage Two 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B

Section C 阅读理解题

Passage One

Investing thousands of pounds in the recruitment and training of each new graduate recruit may be just the beginning. Choosing the wrong candidate may leave an organisation paying for years to come.

Few companies will have escaped all of the following failures: people who panic at the first sight of stress; those with long impressive qualifications who seem incapable of learning; hypochondriacs whose absentee record becomes astonishing; and the unstable person later discovered to be a thief or worse.

Less dramatic, but just as much a problem, is the person who simply does not come up to expectations, who does not quite deliver; who never becomes a high-flier or even a steady performer; the employee with a fine future behind them.

The first point to bear in mind at the recruitment stage is that people don’t change. Intelligence levels decline modestly, but change little over their working life. The same is true of abilities, such as learning languages and handling numbers.

Most people like to think that personality can change, particularly the more negative features such as anxiety, low esteem, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth. But data collected over 50 years gives a clear message: still stable after all these years. Extroverts become slightly less extroverted; the acutely shy appear a little less so, but the fundamentals remain much the same. Personal crises can affect the way we cope with things: we might take up or drop drink, drugs, religion or relaxation techniques, which can be have pretty dramatic effects. Skills can be improved, and new ones introduced, but at rather different rates. People can be groomed for a job. Just as politicians are carefully repackaged through dress, hairstyle and speech specialists, so people can be sent on training courses, diplomas or experimental weekends. But there is a cost to all this which may be more than the price of the course. Better to select for what you actually see rather than attempt to change it.

（ ）1．The purpose of this passage is to give managers the advice that .

A. Employers should select candidates for their potential.

B. Employers should select candidates for what they are rather than for their potential.

C. Employers should select the newly graduated and send them on training courses, diplomas or experimental weekends.

D. Employers should select experienced candidates to avoid spending thousands of pounds in training.

（ ）2．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true？ .

A. Absolutely, People don’t change during their working lives.

B. Generally, people change to a large extent during their working lives.

C. Fundamentally, people stay the same during their working lives.

D. Normally, people don’t change at all during their working lives.

（ ）3．What does a fine future behind them (line 3 of paragraph 3) means? .

A. Some people will certainly have a promising future though they are not very competent in their present work.

B. Some people don’t have any potential for their work though they are employed.

C. Some people can have a bright future though they can’t do their work well.

D. Some people have potential when they are employed, but never realize that potential.

（ ）4．According to the passage, people’s basic abilities like language learning and numeracy .

A. change little over their working life.

B. never change over their working life.

C. change fundamentally over their working life.

D. change profoundly over their working life.

（ ）5．The word deliver (line 2 of paragraph 3) means .

A. to take goods to the places or people they are addressed to

B. to give a speech

C. to do what you promised to do

D. to help a woman to give birth to a baby

Passage Two

Walk into a street market anywhere from Manila to Manchester, and someone will be selling T-shirts branded with the distinctive CK logo of Calvin Klein, the New York fashion designer.

If the price is very low, the T-shirts are probably fakes. Calvin Klein, like most other internationally-known fashion designers, has, for a long time, had problems with counterfeits selling poor quality merchandise bearing his brand name. Now he is doing something about it. “As the Calvin Klein brand has become well-known, we’ve seen a big increase in counterfeit activity,” says Gabriella Forte, chief executive of Calvin Klein, “the better-known the brand name, the more people want to rip it off.”

In the past Calvin Klein took a relatively passive approach to the counterfeit problem. The company has now got tougher by establishing a network of employees and external specialists to uncover copyright abuse.

The move began with a general change in corporate strategy whereby Calvin Klein has aggressively expanded its interests outside North America. Calvin Klein has been one of the leading fashion designers in the North America market since the mid-1970s. Now Calvin Klein is building up its fashion business in other countries. It has increased its investment in advertising, and restructured its licensing arrangements by signing long-term deals with partners for entire regions such as Europe or Asia, rather than giving licensing rights to individual countries. But as sales and brand awareness have risen, Calvin Klein has become an increasingly popular target for Asian and European counterfeiters, alongside other luxury brands such as Gucci, Chanel and Ralph Lauren.

The fake goods, mostly T-shirts, jeans and baseball caps, not only reduce the company’s own sales but damage its brand image by linking it to poor quality merchandise. “You’d be amazed at how many people pay $5 for a T-shirt without realizing it’s counterfeit,” said one executive.

( ) 6．Which of the following statements is the correct understanding of the word “logo”?

A. a name, a term or a symbol which is used to differentiate a product from competitors’ products.

B. the ability of a brand to make money.

C. the symbol of a company or other organization.

D. agreements which allow a company to make and sell a registered brand locally.

( ) 7．According to the passage, why the problem of CK’S being counterfeiting is getting worse?

A. The company changed its way of dealing with counterfeiters.

B. The brand name has become well-known.

C. The price of the fake goods is much lower than that of the original ones.

D. The brand name is easy to remember.

( ) 8．What was Calvin Klein’s attitude to counterfeiting at present?

A. He adopts a constructive and active approach.

B. He is pessimistic and discouraged.

C. He thinks fighting back doesn’t pay.

D. He asserts that the brand awareness has risen and counterfeiting will drop over time.

( ) 9．What has the company done to fight back counterfeiting?

A. Establishing a network of employees to find out the counterfeiters.

B. Inviting external specialists to uncover copyright abuse.

C. Adopting a positive and more aggressive strategy.

D. All of the above.

( ) 10．How many fashion victims are mentioned in the passage?

A. One, Gucci.

B. Three, they are Gucci, Chanel and Ralph Lauren.

C. One, Calvin Klein.

D. Calvin Klein, Gucci, Channel and Ralph Lauren.

参考答案：

Passage One 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C

Passage Two 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. D

第二部分：商务翻译

Section A

1． trading association

2． gunny bag

3． reciprocal L/C

4． profit margin

5． particular average

6． 行业刊物

7． 指示性标志

8． 空白背书

9． 原产地国

10．不可抗力

Section B

1． 我方将与银行作出安排开立保兑的、不可撤销的信用证。

2． 你方价格比我市同类商品价格高10％左右。

3． 包装必须适合海运，并且坚固承受得起粗鲁搬运。

4． 如你方能立即处理该订单，我们不胜感激。

5． 由于我方已订得舱位的轮船晚到，因此，请将你方第060531号信用证的船期和有效期分别展至7月10日和7月25日，非常感谢。

参考答案：

Section A

1．贸易关系 2．麻袋 3．对开信用证 4．利润幅度/赚头

5．单独海损 6．trade journal 7．indicative mark 8．blank endorsement

9．country of origin 10．force majeure

Section B

1．We will make arrangements with the bank to open a confirmed, irrevocable L/C.

2．Your price is 10% higher than that of the similar products in our market.

3．The packing must be seaworthy and strong enough to stand rough handling.

4．Your prompt attention to this order will be appreciated.

5．As the ship on which we have booked shipping space was late, we would appreciate it if you could extend the shipment date and the expiry date to July 10 and July 25 respectively.

说明：本考试指导只适用于201903学期6月期末考试使用，包括正考和重修。指导中的章节知识点涵盖考试所有内容，给出的习题为考试类型题，习题答案要点只作为参考，详见课程讲义或课程ppt。在复习中有任何问题请到课程答疑区咨询。祝大家考试顺利！