国开搜题微信公众号海西开放大学人文英语（2）形成性考核复习参考资料(1)

国开搜题微信公众号海西开放大学人文英语（2）形成性考核复习参考资料

一、词汇与短语

1. abandon：放弃

2. abundant：丰富的

3. accomplish：完成

4. accurate：准确的

5. acknowledge：承认

6. acquire：获得

7. adapt：适应

8. adequate：足够的

9. adjust：调整

10. administration：管理

11. adopt：采用

12. advocate：倡导

13. affect：影响

14. agriculture：农业

15. aid：援助

16. aim：目标

17. allocate：分配

18. alter：改变

19. alternative：替代的

20. analyze：分析

二、阅读理解

Passage 1

The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was characterized by the transition from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing-based economy. The Industrial Revolution marked a turning point in history, as it brought about significant changes in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and transportation.

One of the key factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution was the invention and improvement of machinery. The steam engine, for example, played a crucial role in powering factories and transportation systems. It allowed for the mass production of goods and the development of new industries.

Another important factor was the growth of the factory system. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most goods were produced in small workshops or at home. However, with the advent of factories, production became centralized and more efficient. This led to increased productivity and the ability to produce goods on a larger scale.

The Industrial Revolution also had a profound impact on society. It led to urbanization, as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of employment. This resulted in overcrowding, poor living conditions, and the rise of slums. It also brought about significant social changes, such as the emergence of the working class and the decline of the aristocracy.

In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrialization that had a profound impact on society. It transformed the economy, led to urbanization, and brought about significant social changes. The inventions and improvements in machinery, as well as the growth of the factory system, were key factors that contributed to this revolution.

Passage 2

Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of the Earth's climate system. It is primarily caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

One of the main consequences of climate change is global warming. The increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere traps heat and leads to a rise in global temperatures. This has a number of negative effects, including the melting of polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe weather events.

Another consequence of climate change is the loss of biodiversity. As temperatures rise, many species are unable to adapt and face extinction. This has a ripple effect on ecosystems, as species are interconnected and rely on each other for survival. The loss of biodiversity can also have economic impacts, as many industries rely on natural resources.

Climate change also poses a threat to human health. Rising temperatures can lead to heat-related illnesses and deaths, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children. It can also increase the spread of diseases, as warmer temperatures create more favorable conditions for disease-carrying insects.

In conclusion, climate change is a pressing issue that has wide-ranging impacts on the environment, biodiversity, and human health. It is primarily caused by human activities and requires global cooperation to mitigate its effects. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable energy sources, and protect natural habitats are crucial in addressing this issue.

三、写作练习

题目：你认为大学生应该如何平衡学习和社交生活？

大学生活是一个充满挑战和机遇的阶段，学生们需要在学习和社交生活之间找到平衡。以下是一些建议，帮助大学生平衡学习和社交生活。

首先，制定一个合理的学习计划。大学课程通常比高中更加紧张和有挑战性，因此学生们需要合理安排时间来完成学业。制定一个每周的学习计划，包括固定的学习时间和休息时间。这样可以帮助学生们更好地管理时间，避免拖延和学习压力过大。

其次，参加社交活动。社交生活是大学生活的重要组成部分，可以帮助学生们建立人际关系和拓展视野。参加社团、俱乐部或志愿者活动是一个很好的方式，可以结识志同道合的朋友，并且在兴趣爱好上得到发展。然而，学生们需要注意控制社交时间，避免过度参与社交活动而忽视学业。

此外，学会合理安排时间。大学生活中有很多诱惑和分散注意力的因素，如社交媒体、电子游戏等。学生们需要学会控制自己的时间，避免沉迷于这些娱乐活动。可以设定一定的时间限制，例如每天只花一小时在社交媒体上，或者在完成一定的学习任务后才进行娱乐活动。

最后，寻求支持和帮助。大学生活中可能会遇到各种挑战和困难，学生们需要学会寻求支持和帮助。可以与同学、导师或辅导员交流，分享自己的困惑和问题。他们可以提供指导和建议，帮助学生们更好地平衡学习和社交生活。

总之，大学生应该通过制定学习计划、参加社交活动、合理安排时间和寻求支持来平衡学习和社交生活。这样可以帮助他们更好地应对大学生活的挑战，并取得成功。