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江苏开放大学《大学英语（D）》 第一二次形考作业和综合性大作业参考答案
阅读理解一（对应以下1-1至1-5）
Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well.Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional wellbeingand it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
“Rest,relaxation,and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities,such as exercise and meditation,but vacation is an important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off.“We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing,so a rested,relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better,” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind.“The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great,” said Francine Lederer,a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management.“Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation,even if it is a 24hour timeout.” The trips could be good for their health,good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010,and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days—but only used 14 of them. France topped the list,with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued,but that’s not always good for the individual,the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.“Without time and opportunity to do this,the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker,making it actually more difficult to shift into lessstressed states,” Mulhern said.
How did the author introduce the topic of the text?
A
By making comparisons.
B
By giving an example.
C
By raising questions
D
By providing data.
答案是：By giving an example.
According to Natasha Withers，vacations can________.
A
weaken reaction system
B
cure serious diseases
C
reduce the level of wellbeing
D
decrease the risk of heart disease
答案是：decrease the risk of heart disease
What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A
One should never wait to relax.
B
Work and rest go against each other.
C
Time and opportunity wait for no man.
D
A relaxed mind determines everything.
答案是：One should never wait to relax.
What is mainly talked about in the text?
A
Ways to relax in one’s free time.
B
The benefits of taking time off.
C
Different opinions on holidays.
D
The Hostetlers always on the go.
答案是：The benefits of taking time off.
1-3 Expedia’s survey shows that Americans________.
A
dislike family gatherings
B
have the shortest vacation
C
enjoy as many vacations as the French
D
think much of spending long hours on the job
答案是：think much of spending long hours on the job
阅读理解二（对应以下2-1至2-5）
When you tidy your messy bedroom,it gets a lot easier to find things. Dreams may work the same way for a messy brain,helping you learn by organizing memories and ideas.
To test how much dreams can help learning,Robert Stick gold had some students play a shapefitting game called Tetris (俄罗斯方块) for a few hours and then go to sleep.Soon they were dreaming of falling Tetris shapes. Interestingly,the worst Tetris players had the most Tetris dreams and improved their game the most. Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.
As we dream,many important tasks are getting done. The brain decides what to keep and what to forget. It is connecting new experiences to older learning. In fact,the brain is learning all night long.
Another important task of dreams may be to help us deal with emotions (情绪).At night,emotions are in the driver’s seat. People who have had an upsetting experience often dream about it afterward. Often the dream event changes somehow—another way the brain tries to make the memory less upset. So if your best friend moves away,you might dream that you’re the one who’s moving. In fact,dreams have a proven power to improve mood,and people who dream about what’s bothering them usually feel better sooner than those who don’t.
Everybody dreams for a couple of hours every night—in the course of your life,you’ll spend about 25 years asleep and 6 years dreaming. There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream,but there doesn’t have to be. One dream might help you remember your math facts, while another might lead to a new invention,or give you a fun,crazy story to tell your friends. It’s all in a night’s work for our busy,mysterious brains.
2-1 Robert Stickgold’s test shows that_____.
A
games are useful for memory
B
dreams can help improve skills
C
players stop learning in dreams
D
tasks can only be settled through dreams
答案是：dreams can help improve skills
2-4 What does the text focus on?
A
Dreams and memories.
B
Dreams and emotions.
C
The benefits of dreams.
D
The patterns of dreams.
答案是：The benefits of dreams.
2-2 We can learn from Paragraph 4 that________.
A
dreams can get rid of sufferings
B
only drivers can deal with emotions
C
one may be less upset after a dream
D
dreams can copy what one experienced
答案是：one may be less upset after a dream
2-3 Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A
Dreaming does harm to one’s mood.
B
Dreaming affects the quality of sleep.
C
It’s hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.
D
It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.
答案是：It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.
2-5 In which part of a magazine can this text be found?
A
Entertainment.
B
Tourism.
C
Science.
D
Advertisement.
答案是：
3-2 What does Susan Newman mean?
A
Only children are as good as their peers.
B
Only children are more selfish and spoiled.
C
Parents feel guilty about having only one child.
D
Parents will endanger their only child’s future.
答案是：
阅读理解三（对应以下3-1至3-5）
“Oh,you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid. You must be really bossy. I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with?” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child,she told ABC News. Despite such negative (消极的) remarks,Hult has decided to have only one child herself. And she’s not alone.
According to the US’ Office for National Statistics,women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004,compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.
But even though only children are becoming increasingly common,the traditional view that they’re selfish,spoiled and lack social skills holds strong. Even parents of only children,like Hult,are made to feel guilty about having only one child. Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future,they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice. Soon,however,they ask themselves:is this social prejudice really reasonable?
“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人),” Susan Newman,a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US,told ABC News.
This raises another question:why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?
“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous,both for you and for the continuation of your race,” Toni Falbo,a professor of educational psychology,told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”
Times,of course,have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say?
Kayley Kravitz,a blogger for The Huffington Post,grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all:the ability to be alone,” she said.
3-1 Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A
Are only children lonely?
B
Are only children common?
C
Are only children dangerous?
D
Are only children different?
答案是：
3-5 What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?
A
Neutral.
B
Negative.
C
Positive
D
Doubtful.
答案是：
从选项中选出翻译最为准确的一项。
No matter how long or short the letter is, what really counts is that it' s heart-warming.
A
不管信是多么长，人心是不可计数的。
B
信的长短无所谓，真正可以计数的是它能温暖人心。
C
信的长短无所谓，关键是它能温暖人心。
D
不管信是长还是短，真正重要的是它能温暖人心。
答案是：
3-3 What is the common belief since human existed?
A
The infant death rate always stays high.
B
People are crazy to have only one child.
C
It’s easy for only children to earn their living.
D
It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.
答案是：
3-4 An only child like Kayley________.
A
must be difficult to persuade
B
can possibly learn to be alone
C
should value special skills
D
need ignore bad experience
答案是：
Compared with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people' s living standard.
A
与发达国家相比，一些非洲国家在人民生活水平上还相差甚远。
B
相比较发展过的国家，一些非洲国家的人民生活水平远远落后。
C
与发达国家相比，在人民生活水平方面一些国家很落后。
D
就人民生活水平而言，一些非洲国家被落在了发达国家后面。
答案是：
She bought several clothes shops and prepared to build up a chain.
A
她盘下了几家服装店，并且打算再开一家新的分店。
B
她买下了几家服装店，并且准备建立连锁店。
C
她把几家商店的衣服都买下来了，衣服多的像链条一样挂满了屋子。
D
她买下了几家服装店．并且想再买一条项链。
答案是：
It is possible that your company is facing difficulties of which we are not aware.
A
可能你公司正面临一些我们不了解的困难。
B
也许你公司正面临着一些我们不明白的困难。
C
我们不知道你公司正面临困难是有可能的。
D
有可能你公司正在面临些困难，都是我们不了解的。
答案是：
以下为词汇语法单选题。
Though he did not say so directly, the inspector _____ the man was guilty.
A
declared
B
implied
C
disclosed
D
said
答案是：
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
A
尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能理解创造性工作，也不能代替人类。
B
有许多优点的电子计算机也不能代替人类去做创造性工作。
C
电子计算机有很多缺点，既不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人类。
D
尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能进行创造性工作．也不能代替人类。
答案是：
Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.
A
convinced
B
inspired
C
induced
D
attracted
答案是：
The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident _____ two lorries.
A
containing
B
connecting
C
involving
D
including
答案是：
There are several landladies approved by the universities who take in _____.
A
lodgers
B
residents
C
inhabitants
D
settlers
答案是：
Jane read the article over ten minutes but continued to feel the event related were _____.
A
inheritable
B
incredible
C
infeasible
D
inaccessible
答案是：
He is the rudest man I have ever met. Jane, his present secretary, is the only person who can _____ him.
A
respect
B
stand
C
support
D
dislike
答案是：
In some cities it is very difficult to have a telephone _____ , and people have to wait a long time before they can get a phone.
A
assembled
B
installed
C
equipped
D
repaired
答案是：
At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia's waving, but then it _____ his mind that she was trying to tell him something.
A
crossed
B
passed
C
occurred
D
opened
答案是：
_____ up children properly is mainly their parents' duty.
A
Growing
B
Rearing
C
Bringing
D
Raising
答案是：
The lady who had invited us heard me telling my wife that the dinner was terrible so I was _____.
A
confused
B
nervous
C
shameful
D
embarrassed
答案是：
Air and the sun's rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to _____ their influence is useful to the astronomer.
A
exclude
B
eliminate
C
extinguish
D
impose
答案是：
His job at the hospital did not pay much, so he found another _____.
A
on the rise
B
on the spot
C
on the decline
D
on the side
答案是：
The filling station _____ because there were too many others on the street.
A
fell through
B
went under
C
fell out
D
went through
答案是：
I'm sorry but what he thinks is not of the _____ importance to me.
A
merest
B
lowest
C
last
D
least
答案是：
Animals should not be locked in cages; they should be in their normal _____.
A
environment
B
position
C
residence
D
dwelling
答案是：
（单选，下同）Which category does the painting belong to according to the means of expression?
A
Landscapes
B
Flower-and-bird paintings
C
Freehand
D
Meticulous
答案是：
Which one is not included in “The Three Friends in Winter”?
A
Pine
B
Plum Blossom
C
Bamboo
D
Orchid
答案是：
（多选题）What is a typical complete Chinese painting composed of?
A
Poetry
B
Calligraphy
C
Seal Engraving
D
Painting
答案是：
Which historical period does GU Kaizhi live in?
A
Han Dynasty
B
Jin Dynasty
C
Tang Dynasty
D
Yuan Dynasty
答案是：
Which is the most important color in the traditional Chinese paintings?
A
Green
B
Blue
C
Ink
D
Gold
答案是：
Who first put forward the esthetic viewpoint of presenting the spiritual quality of the object (以形写神) instead of just copying the exact one?
A
Gu Kaizhi
B
Wu Daozi
C
Huang Gongwang
D
Shen Zhou
答案是：
What human personality does bamboo symbolize?
A
Uprightness
B
Generality
C
Diligence
D
Tolerance
答案是：
Who created the painting “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains”?
A
Ni Zan
B
Wu Zhen
C
Wang Meng
D
Huang Gongwang
答案是：
When was the painting “Night Revels of Han Xizai” created?
A
Tang Dynasty
B
Five Dynasties
C
Song Dynasty
D
Yuan Dynasty
答案是：
In the “Four Great Painters”of Yuan Dynasty, who represents the highest level of landscape painting?
A
Huang Gongwang
B
Ni Zan
C
Wu Zhen
D
Wang Meng
答案是：
In Chinese painting, what are lines used to depict?
A
The appearance of the object.
B
The spiritual quality of the object.
C
Both A and B.
答案是：
Which one is not the usual tool for traditional Chinese painting?
A
Xuan Paper
B
Brush
C
Ink
D
Canvas
答案是：
Which perspective does a western painter usually use in his painting?
A
Focal point perspective
B
Shifting perspective
C
Multi-point perspective
答案是：
Which is not correct about academic painters?
A
Academic painters were highly skilled craftsmen.
B
Their works are the highest form of art in china.
C
Their whole effort was aimed at achieving marvelous effects.
D
They seek for realistic or highly conventional representations of people or things.
答案是：
Which one is correct about Han Xizai?
A
Han Xizai is the painter of “night revels of Han Xizai”.
B
Han Xizai was an official of high responsibility.
C
Han Xizai pretended to be indulged in revels.
D
Han Xizai won complete trust from the emperor.
答案是：
Which is not correct about literati painters?
A
Literati painters were amateurs.
B
They expressed their ethical personalities.
C
They express spirit more than matters of composition or skill in realistic depiction.
D
They take painting as an employment.
答案是：
Which category of painting represents the traditional Chinese paintings the most?
A
Landscapes
B
Figure paintings
C
Flower-and-bird paintings
答案是：
In which form was the painting “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains” created？
A
Hanging scroll
B
Long horizontal scroll
C
Album of paintings
D
Fan surface
答案是：
Who is Gu Hongzhong?
A
He was a literati painter.
B
He was an academy painter.
C
He was an official of high position.
D
He was a good friend of Han Xizai.
答案是：
About the painting “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains”, which is correct?
A
The painting has been ruined.
B
The painting is well preserved.
C
The painting was burnt apart.
D
The painting disappeared.
答案是：
4-2 Jerry got into the habit of drinking mainly because________.
A
he was influenced by bad guys
B
his mom left to live with his sister
C
nobody cared for him after his father died
D
he couldn’t get over the sadness of losing his father
答案是：
4-3 The underlined word “sporadic” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A
occasional
B
frequent
C
formal
D
unpleasant
答案是：
阅读理解四（对应以下4-1至4-5）
“Stop making excuses for him,Mom,”I said.“But maybe he is feeling unwell...” Mom said.“Maybe nothing,” I interrupted. I had been tending Mom since her health began to decline and this would be the first time in a year that my husband and I had a night out together. Jerry had promised to stay with Mom. But again he let us down. And more often than not,his drinking had a lot to do with it. His irresponsibility upset me.
I remembered our happy growingup years in a small town in West Virginia. With good family education,Jerry had been a kind kid. He was only 15 when Dad died. Unlike him,I got over the sorrow soon,but he started drinking. Soon he began hanging out with bad guys.
Jerry and I didn’t see each other often,but we talked on the phone. Usually,though,we ended up fighting. When Mom came to live with us,Jerry dropped in regularly at first,but after a while his visits became sporadic. He explained he couldn’t handle seeing Mom in such a bad condition. Another excuse,I thought.
One day I went to see the doctor about my back.It had been aching for months.“I can’t find anything wrong with you physically,”the doctor said.“But I can tell you’re very tense. Is something bothering you?” I poured out my story about Jerry. “Do you think he’s likely to change?” he asked. I shrugged. “Probably not.” “But, you can,” he said gently.
Me? Why did I have to change? He was the one who constantly let us down. But what had I done? Maybe the doctor was right. I couldn’t love his behavior, but I could love him—the way I did when we were little. As I walked into the house I sensed a relief.
Jerry died young due to drinking. I miss him. But I’m grateful I was given the opportunity to show him I loved him—as he was, not as I wanted him to be.
4-1 When Jerry failed to carry out his promise that night，his mother_____.
A
felt very angry
B
tried to defend him
C
was indifferent about it
D
phoned him to ask him to come back
答案是：
4-4 What did the author think of the doctor’s suggestion at first?
A
It was acceptable.
B
It gave her much hope.
C
It was unreasonable.
D
It made her confused.
答案是：
4-5 What’s the main idea of the passage?
A
Love can help a person give up bad habits.
B
Too much tension will destroy a person’s health.
C
We shouldn’t expect too much of a person.
D
We should try to love a person as he is.
答案是：
阅读理解五（对应以下5-1至5-5）
An older friend once gave me a piece of advice,“Enjoy the last few weeks of college,” she said,“since college is the best time of your life.”
This was not the first time I’d heard such a statement,but with graduation fast coming close,her words especially struck me. It seemed a bit disappointing to reach one’s life peak at only 22 years of age,but in her opinion,college had been one of the best times in my life so far .I made friends,took classes,and learned a great deal about myself. But I was also excited for the time after college—moving to a new city,starting a new job,and becoming a “real” person. I hoped that my great dreams were practical.
Then,last week I read a column in Real Simple Magazine called 100 Years of Attitude,in which women 100 years or older shared their life experiences and views. I noticed that none of them considered college as the “best” time of their life. Not all of them went to college,but still in most cases their teens and twenties were not the best times of their life. They said some of their favorite times were raising their children,traveling after retirement,and even enjoying their present time and age.
Enjoying one’s present time and age was a clear theme of the interviews. A piece of advice given by the women was about the importance of making the best of all situations. I think it more accurate than that of my friend;I can say with certainty that if I am lucky enough to make it to 100.I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting (跌落) downhill,or even leveling off.
I am sure that our eagerness and devotion will make us college students live a meaningful life. We will not just look backwards or miss our college days. We will look forward in excitement about continued journey uphill.
5-1 Which of the following opinions does the writer agree with?
A
College is the best time of one’s life.
B
Twenties were the best time of the old people.
C
One should make the best of all situations.
D
One should not look backwards at their college time.
答案是：
5-2 In the second paragraph，the writer wants to say________.
A
her achievements in college would be the peak of her success
B
she is looking forward to living as a “real” person in college
C
she becomes more and more uneasy with graduation
D
she is satisfied with the college life but is hopeful for the future
答案是：
5-3 The column the writer read is mainly about those old women’s________.
A
best time of life at youth
B
life experiences and views
C
different opinions about life
D
favorite time with best friends
答案是：
5-4 By saying “I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting downhill，or even leveling off” (in Paragraph 4)，the writer really means________.
A
she will not spend the rest of her time at college
B
she will not just obtain a college level certificate
C
she will not be satisfied with what she has already accomplished
D
she will not be content with the life in the future
答案是：
5-5 Which of the following words can be used to describe the writer?
A
Ambitious.
B
Practical.
C
Imaginative.
D
Proud.
答案是：
The farmer can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus.
A
只要农民生产有剩余，就能养活自己和家人。
B
只有生产更多的农作物，农民才能养活自己和家人。
C
只有当拥有盈余时，农民才能持续地供养自己和家人。
D
农民生产有剩余，只有这样，他才能养活自己和家人。
答案是：
After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall strictly abide by it.
A
在双方签约后，各方应严格遵守本协议。
B
在两党达成协议后，各党派将严格遵守它。
C
在双方达成协议后，各方应严格遵守。
D
在两党签约后，各党派都应严格遵守本协议。
答案是：
从选项中选出翻译最为准确的一项。
We cannot help asking if sandstorm is a pure natural phenomenon over which we have no control.
A
我们禁不住要问沙尘暴是否是一种纯自然现象，而我们对它无法控制。
B
如果沙尘暴是一种纯自然现象，我们不禁要问这个问题是否不能解决。
C
我们不禁要问沙尘暴是否是一种人类无法控制的纯粹的自然现象。
D
如果沙尘暴是一种纯自然现象，对于我们能否控制它我们也不知道。
答案是：
But there is at least one prediction that can be made with assurance.
A
但最终还是要做出一个明确的选择。
B
但至少要做出一个有把握的预测。
C
但至少存在一个明确的预言。
D
但至少可以有把握地做出一个预言。
答案是：
It must be admitted that a good deal of dissatisfaction is reflected in those report.
A
它必须被承认，也就是说这些报道反应了很多不满情绪。
B
必须承认，这些报道反应了很多不满情绪。
C
我们必须承认，这些报道确实反应了很多潜在的不满情绪。
D
这些报道反映出很多不满情绪的这个事实是应该被承认的。
答案是：
The newspaper was ordered to pay damages to the film star for printing an untrue story about her.
A
报社被勒令付给那位电影明星一笔赔偿金，因为该报刊载的一篇有关她的报道失实。
B
报社在报上刊载了一篇有关她的失实报道，因此必须赔偿这位电影明星。
C
因为报道失实，报社不得不弥补对这位电影明星的损害。
D
这位电影明星要求损害她名誉的报社做出赔偿。
答案是：
按下面所给条件写一封投诉信，需包含给出的各项内容，注意英语信件的格式。
以顾客王小林的名义给ABC商店经理Johnson先生写一封投诉信，主要内容如下∶
1.你两周前购买了一台洗衣机，用了三天后洗衣机出现故障（内容自拟）;
2.你曾打电话到商店的客户服务中心，他们答应上门维修。但至今未派人来;
3.要求对方尽快派人上门修理，或更换一台新的洗衣机;否则要求全额退款（full refund);
4.结束语（自拟）。
请注意：不要以附件提交，请直接在作答框内输入内容。
答案是：
综合性大作业-英语小论文
内容：任选一个作为论文主题，围绕主题写一篇800字英语小论文提交（英文）。
How to live a great life
Christmas Vs Spring Festival
How the art influence our life?
Paper reading or online reading
请认真按以下要求完成，以文字直接输入的形式在线提交。
综合性大作业-英语小论文总体要求
英语小论文以议论文的形式呈现，一律用英文撰写；
小论文的选题从给出的4个主题中选一，题目可自拟。
3. 小论文正文长度要求800词左右，不超过1500字。
遵守学术道德，尊重知识产权，严禁剽窃抄袭。
二、英语小论文选题类型
阐释论说（Fact-clarifying essay）如：How the art influence our life?; Christmas vs Spring Festival
2．观点辩论（Position-taking essay） 如：Paper reading or online reading; Attend college at home or abroad
提供解决办法（Solution-proposing essay）如：How to live a great life?
三、英语小论文写作质量要求
除一般写作的质量要求外，小论文写作应尽可能尽量采用学术写作风格，具体要求如下：
标题简洁、明确，点明论题或论点，避免大而空（Succinct title with an argumentative edge）
论点明确（Obvious argument）
逻辑推理（Logical reasoning）
采用学术文体（Moderately Formal style）（较客观的语气、学术词汇的使用、简单句与复杂句的交叉使用等）
请注意：不要以附件提交，直接在作答框内输入内容。
答案是：
微信扫码添加好友
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