国家开放大学 形成性考核 平时作业 参考答案 标准答案
I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)
Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each )
1． What are the definitions of the two main types of families?
The nuclear family consists of two parents and their biological or adopted children.
The extended family may include grandparents, parents, children and relatives living together on the same street or in the same area.
Human beings lived in loosely-related groups. Each group had a common ancestor long time ago.
The nuclear family is the same as the extended family.
2． What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?
In the early 1900s in the United States, the divorce rated went down and the birthrate went down.
At that time, couples were staying married for few years.
The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States.
Couples did not want many children then.
3． What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?
Families had serious financial problems during World War II.
Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn’t have to work away from home.
Men were at war, so women had to work outside the home.
Before and during World War II, families had problems.
4． What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades?
Divorces would be fewer, mothers would stay at home after the war.
After the war, family structure changed back.
After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers.
Children began living at home longer.
5． What will families be like in the future?
Many people want the traditional two-parent family back.
There may be more single-parent families.
Unmarried parents with adopted or foster children, and one-person households.
Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end.
II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）
Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)
6．
living extended category typical believe |
The Family of the Future
Many people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 1 . In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7 2 than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more children—or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 3 longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9 4 similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 5 or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster—and in more and more ways.
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