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1．
Read the following passage and then match the statements (1-7) to the letter (A, B, C or D).
A Trade negotiations
The WTO agreements cover goods, services and intellectual property. They spell out the principles of liberalization, and the permitted exceptions. They include individual countries,commitments to lower customs tariffs and other trade barriers, and to open and keep open services markets. They set procedures for settling disputes. These agreements are not static; they are renegotiated from time to time and new agreements can be added to the package. Many are now being negotiated under the Doha Development Agenda,launched by WTO trade ministers in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001.
B Implementation and monitoring
WTO agreements require governments to make their trade policies transparent by notifying the WTO about laws in force and measures adopted. Various WTO councils and committees seek to ensure that these requirements are being followed and that WTO agreements are being properly implemented. All WTO members must undergo periodic scrutiny of their trade policies and practices, each review containing reports by the country concerned and the WTO Secretariat.
C Dispute settlement
The WTO’s procedure for resolving trade quarrels under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is vital for enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade flows smoothly. Countries bring disputes to the WTO if they think their rights under the agreements are being infringed. Judgments by specially appointed independent experts are based on interpretations of the agreements and individual countries, commitments.
D Building trade capacity
WTO agreements contain special provision for developing countries, including longer time periods to implement agreements and commitments, measures to increase their trading opportunities, and support to help them build their trade capacity, to handle disputes and to implement technical standards. The WTO organizes hundreds of technical cooperation missions to developing countries annually. It also holds numerous courses each year in Geneva for government officials. Aid for Trade aims to help developing countries develop the skills and infrastructure needed to expand their trade.
WTO helps to develop the skills and infrastructure to expand the trade of developing countries. 1
2. Many WTO agreements are being negotiated under the Doha Development Agenda. 2
3. WTO members are responsible for reviewing their trade practices. 3
4. Countries whose rights under the agreements are being infringed could bring disputes to the WTO. 4
5. WTO members are required to make their trade policies transparent. 5
6. WTO agreements are renegotiated from time to time. 6
7. WTO agreements have favored provision for developing countries. 7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
2．Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right.
merchandise
intellectual property
conflicting
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