江苏开放大学答案英语国家社会与文化 > 过程性考核作业1（占总成绩15％）❤

江苏开放大学答案英语国家社会与文化 > 过程性考核作业1（占总成绩15％）❤
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型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

1

The annual Edinburgh International Festival is held in  __________ .

A

 Northern Ireland

B

England

C

Wales

D

Scotland

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单

2

On formal occasions,  __________ is used, but in everyday conversation, __________ is a widely accepted name for the nation.

A

Great Britain/Britain

B

the United Kingdom/Britain

C

England/Great Britain

D

the United Kingdom/England

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

3

Famous private schools like Eton in Britain are known as "__________".

A

state schools

B

faith schools

C

public schools

D

royal schools

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单

4

Which of the following is NOT a popular sport in Great Britain?

A

basketball

B

rugby

C

soccer

D

cricket

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

5

In recent years, Britain has had in _________ the highest percentage (over a third) of 21-year-olds graduating from university.

A

Western Europe

B

Europe

C

European Union

D

the world

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

6

The British value humor quite a lot, particularly in their __________.

A

private life

B

political life

C

religious life

D

inter-personal relationship

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

7

For some Britons, the spirit of "fair play" can be best expressed in the national game of _________.

A

football

B

rugby

C

cricket

D

baseball

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

8

Charity schools requested that the name "public school" be used to indicate that they were open to the public regardless of  __________.

A

political beliefs

B

social beliefs

C

educational beliefs

D

religious beliefs

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

9

England is often talked about in terms of a _____ divide, which is cultural, economic, and political.

A

east/west  

B

north/south

C

west/north  

D

east/south

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

10

Christianity was introduced to England, Wales, and Southern Scotland by the __________.

A

Romans

B

Anglo-sanxons

C

Celts

D

Danes

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

11

The British see irony as a form of free _____  for body, mind, and spirit.

A

Expression

B

display

C

outlet

D

medication

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

12

Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese is a pub frequented in the past by all of the following England's literary giants except  __________ .

A

Geoffrey Chaucer

B

Samuel Johnson

C

Oliver Goldsmith

D

Charles Dickens

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单

13

Strictly speaking, Great Britain comprises three countries, namely __________ .

A

 England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland

B

England, Wales, and Northern Ireland

C

England, Scotland, and Wales

D

Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

14

The Jews in England were __________ in 1290 and only emancipated in the 19th century.

A

expelled

B

excluded 

C

executed

D

excommunicated

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

15

To people from outside Great Britain, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is "__________".

A

shyness

B

reserve

C

frankness

D

talkativeness

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

16

In Brtitain, students entered a grammar school, a technical school, or a secondary modern school, depending on their __________.

A

family background

B

athletic skills

C

examination results

D

extra-curricular activities

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

17

Children who made it to the grammar school received a first-rate learning experience. Here, the phrase "made it" most probably means __________.

A

produced it

B

succeeded

C

created it

D

shaped it

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等

18

In Britain, candidates for university will declare what subject they want to read. Here, the word "read" most probably means __________.

A

the books they want to read at university

B

the major they want to choose at universtiy

C

the subject matter they want to study at universtiy

D

the people they want to read with

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般

19

According to the passage, trust is implicit in all the following except __________.

A

in the way the British manage their affairs

B

in the way the British approach law and order

C

in the way the British judiciary system operates

D

in the way the British run their household

题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：简单

20

The Welsh distinguish themselves from the rest of Britons by __________.

A

their accent

B

their vocabulary

C

their idioms of speech

D

all of the above

判断题

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

1

Since the 1970s, bilingual education in Wales has become firmly established and about half of the Welsh population speak both Welsh and English.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

2

Both the young and old Britons of all ethnic origins nowadays tend to mix in places of public entertainment.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

3

Prince Charles' remarks about his coronation suggest that he is in favor of multiculturalism.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

4

According to the passage, if one wants to understand England and English ways, he/she needs to understand its class system.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

5

The percentage of British working-class children attending university is declining because they are not able to compete with children from affluent families in the entrance examination.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：中等

6

The snug is visited by the wealthy people only.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：中等

7

In comparison with primary and second education, university education in Great Britain is less contentious for the general public.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

8

According to the passage, if one wants to understand England and English ways, he/she needs to understand its class system.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：简单

9

English is the only language spoken by the British citizens.

A正确

B错误

题型：判断题客观题分值2分难度：一般

10

When English people are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat, and if by train, an empty compartment.

A正确

B错误

简答题

题型：简答题主观题分值5分难度：中等

1

How do young mainstream people react to the cultural practices of immigrants as Britain becomes increasingly multi-ethnic?

学生答案：

The reactions of young mainstream people in Britain to the cultural practices of immigrants in an increasingly multi-ethnic society can vary widely, influenced by several factors, including individual backgrounds, education, social environment, and exposure to diversity. Generally, these reactions can be categorized into a few main attitudes:

 1.Acceptance and Curiosity: Many young people in Britain, particularly those raised in diverse urban environments, tend to be open and curious about different cultures. They often view multiculturalism as a positive attribute, enriching the social fabric with diverse foods, music, traditions, and perspectives. This group may actively seek to learn about and engage with different cultural practices, participate in cultural festivals, or learn new languages.

 2.Adaptation and Integration: Some young people show a willingness to adapt to and integrate with different cultural practices. This could manifest in adopting certain customs or blending different cultural elements into their daily lives, such as celebrating holidays ｆｒｏｍ different cultures, mixing fashion styles, or enjoying a variety of international cuisines. This group may see cultural diversity as a way to build a more inclusive society.

3. Indifference: There is also a segment of young people who may be indifferent to the cultural practices of immigrants. For them, the presence of diverse cultures may be normalized to the extent that it does not evoke a strong reaction, whether positive or negative. They may not actively engage with or oppose cultural diversity but instead see it as a routine part of life in modern Britain.

4. Resistance or Discomfort: A smaller but notable segment of young people might react with resistance or discomfort to the cultural practices of immigrants. This reaction could stem from a lack of exposure to diversity, adherence to conservative or traditional values, or fears about changes in social norms and identity. Some might perceive the presence of different cultures as a threat to their way of life or national identity, leading to cultural clashes or social tensions.

 5.Advocacy and Activism: Some young people actively engage in advocacy and activism, promoting the rights and inclusion of immigrant communities. This can involve participating in anti-racism campaigns, supporting policies that foster integration and equality, or volunteering with organizations that assist immigrants. They see multiculturalism as a strength and work towards a more inclusive society.

 6.Influence of Media and Social Networks: The influence of social media and digital platforms plays a significant role in shaping young people's perceptions of cultural diversity. Young people are often exposed to global cultural trends and diverse viewpoints online, which can encourage more openness and acceptance. However, social media can also be a platform for spreading stereotypes and misinformation, potentially leading to polarized views on multiculturalism.

Overall, young people's reactions to immigrant cultural practices are shaped by a complex interplay of personal, social, and societal factors. As Britain continues to evolve into a more multi-ethnic society, these attitudes may continue to shift, reflecting broader changes in social norms and values.

题型：简答题主观题分值5分难度：中等

2

 What are the key pointers of the upper class in Britain?

学生答案：

The upper class in Britain is traditionally characterized by a distinct set of attributes and behaviors that set them apart ｆｒｏｍ other social classes. Here are some key pointers:

 1. Heritage and Lineage

Aristocracy: The British upper class often includes the aristocracy, comprising families with titles such as dukes, earls, viscounts, barons, and baronets. Many of these titles are inherited and passed down through generations.

Land Ownership: A significant marker of upper-class status is the ownership of large estates and properties, often inherited over centuries. These estates are typically located in the countryside and are symbolic of the family's long-standing wealth and social status.

2. Education

Elite Schools: Members of the upper class often attend prestigious private schools, known in Britain as public schools, such as Eton, Harrow, and Winchester. These institutions are renowned for their rigorous academics and strong social networks.

Universities: Following secondary education, upper-class individuals frequently attend top universities, especially Oxbridge (Oxford and Cambridge), which are considered essential for maintaining social status and networking.

3. Social Networks and Connections

Exclusive Social Circles: The upper class tends to socialize within exclusive networks that include members of the aristocracy, influential business leaders, and high-ranking professionals. These social connections are often maintained through private clubs, country clubs, and social events.

Marriage and Alliances: Marriages within the upper class are often strategic, meant to preserve or enhance social status, wealth, and influence.

4. Cultural Capital

Accent and Speech: The upper class is often associated with a distinctive accent known as Received Pronunciation (RP) or "the Queen's English," which is considered a marker of high social standing.

Hobbies and Interests: Traditional pursuits such as polo, fox hunting, shooting, and yachting are popular among the British upper class. Membership in exclusive clubs like the Royal Yacht Squadron or the Jockey Club is also common.

5. Financial Independence

Wealth Management: The upper class typically has substantial financial resources, often managed through family trusts, investments, and businesses. This wealth enables them to maintain a lifestyle that includes luxury homes, travel, and leisure activities.

Philanthropy and Patronage: Many upper-class individuals engage in philanthropy, donating to charities and serving on boards of cultural institutions. This not only reflects their financial capacity but also serves to reinforce their social standing.

6. Attitudes and Values

Conservatism: The British upper class is often associated with conservative values, particularly regarding tradition, heritage, and social hierarchy. There is a strong emphasis on maintaining the status quo and upholding traditional social norms.

Discretion and Privacy: A key cultural value is discretion; upper-class individuals tend to avoid ostentatious displays of wealth and are known for valuing privacy.

7. Political Influence Involvement in Politics: Historically, members of the upper class have held significant political power, with many serving in the House of Lords or holding other high-ranking positions in government. Even today, they often wield considerable influence behind the scenes.

8. Titles and Honors Recognition: Being awarded honors such as knighthoods, peerages, or membership in orders like the Order of the Garter is a significant marker of upper-class status in Britain. These honors are often bestowed for services to the country or contributions to various fields.

These characteristics have evolved over time, particularly as British society has become more meritocratic. However, the traditional markers of the upper class remain influential in shaping social dynamics in Britain.

题型：简答题主观题分值5分难度：中等

3

What social occasions are held in great style by the British middle class?

学生答案：

The British middle class is known for hosting a variety of social occasions with great style and attention to detail. Some of the most notable occasions include:

 1. Dinner Parties: These are a staple among the British middle class, often featuring carefully planned menus with multiple courses, fine wines, and elegant table settings. Hosts typically prepare homemade meals, and there's a strong emphasis on presentation and hospitality.

 2. Afternoon Tea: A traditional British social occasion, afternoon tea is often hosted in a formal yet relaxed setting. It includes a selection of teas, finger sandwiches, scones with clotted cream and jam, and an assortment of pastries and cakes. This event is marked by attention to detail, such as fine china, silverware, and floral arrangements.

 3. Garden Parties and Barbecues: During the summer months, the British middle class enjoys hosting garden parties and barbecues. These events often involve outdoor games, a variety of grilled foods, salads, and drinks. The emphasis is on creating a relaxed, family-friendly atmosphere in a well-maintained garden or patio.

 4. Weddings: British middle-class weddings are often elaborate affairs, held in historic venues or country estates, with a focus on tradition and elegance. They typically include a formal ceremony, followed by a reception with a sit-down meal, speeches, and dancing. Attention to detail is paramount, ｆｒｏｍ the wedding attire to the floral arrangements and table settings.

 5. Charity Events and Fundraisers: Many in the British middle class are involved in community and charitable activities. Hosting charity events, such as garden fêtes, coffee mornings, or black-tie dinners, is a popular way to gather socially while supporting a good cause. These events are often well-organized and feature raffles, auctions, or entertainment to raise funds.

 6. Christmas and Holiday Gatherings: The British middle class celebrates the festive season with style, often hosting Christmas parties, New Year's Eve celebrations, and holiday luncheons. These gatherings usually feature traditional foods, such as roast turkey or ham, mince pies, and Christmas pudding, as well as festive decorations, crackers, and games.

 7. Birthdays and Anniversaries: Celebrating significant life events, such as milestone birthdays or wedding anniversaries, is common. These events can range from intimate family gatherings to larger, more formal parties, often held at home or in a hired venue, with catering, music, and entertainment.

 8. Cocktail Parties: A more informal gathering, cocktail parties are popular among the British middle class for socializing with friends and colleagues. These events typically feature a range of cocktails and canapés, with a focus on conversation and networking.

 9. Sports-Related Gatherings: Watching sports events, such as football matches or Wimbledon, is another popular occasion. Friends and family may gather at home or in a local pub to watch the event, often accompanied by a buffet or barbecue.

 Each of these occasions is characterized by a sense of elegance, tradition, and hospitality, reflecting the values and tastes of the British middle class.

题型：简答题主观题分值5分难度：中等

4

What are British parents concerned with when choosing a school for their children?

学生答案：

When British parents choose a school for their children, they often consider a variety of factors to ensure that the school aligns with their values, expectations, and their child's needs. Here are some of the primary concerns:

 1. Academic Performance: Many parents prioritize schools with a strong academic track record. They look at exam results (like GCSEs and A-Levels), Ofsted ratings, and league tables to gauge the school's academic reputation and effectiveness.

 2. School Reputation: The overall reputation of the school within the community and among other parents is important. A school with a good reputation often reflects a positive learning environment and a strong leadership team.

 3. Location and Convenience: Proximity to home is a significant factor for many parents. A school that is close to home reduces travel time and ensures that children have more time for homework, extracurricular activities, and family life.

 4. School Ethos and Values: Parents often look for schools that align with their own values and beliefs. This could include a focus on discipline, pastoral care, inclusivity, or a particular religious or ethical orientation.

 5. Facilities and Resources: The quality and availability of school facilities, such as libraries, science labs, sports facilities, and arts programs, are also key considerations. Well-resourced schools are often seen as providing a more rounded education.

 6. Extracurricular Activities: Parents value schools that offer a wide range of extracurricular activities, including sports, music, drama, and clubs. These activities are seen as important for a child’s personal development, social skills, and overall education experience.

 7. Class Size and Pupil-Teacher Ratio: Smaller class sizes and a lower pupil-teacher ratio are often preferred by parents as they believe this leads to more individualized attention and better academic outcomes.

 8. School Culture and Environment: The overall atmosphere of the school, including the behavior of students, the approachability of staff, and the general school environment, is important. Parents often seek a positive and supportive environment where their child will feel happy and safe.

 9. Special Educational Needs (SEN) Support: For parents of children with special educational needs, the availability and quality of SEN support is crucial. They look for schools that provide adequate resources, support staff, and tailored programs.

 10. Safety and Security: Ensuring the physical and emotional safety of their children is a top concern. Parents look for schools with good security measures, anti-bullying policies, and a safe overall environment.

 11. Parental Involvement and Communication: Schools that encourage parental involvement and maintain good communication with parents are often preferred. This includes regular updates on student progress, school events, and open communication channels with teachers and administrators.

 12. Cost and Funding: For parents considering private schools, cost and the availability of scholarships or bursaries can be significant factors. For state schools, concerns about funding and resources can also influence decisions.

 By weighing these factors, British parents aim to choose a school that will provide a high-quality education and a supportive environment for their children’s development.

题型：简答题主观题分值5分难度：中等

5

What can you tell from the accent and dialect of a Briton?

学生答案：

The accent and dialect of a Briton can reveal a lot about their regional background, social class, and even their education. Here are some key points you can infer ｆｒｏｍ a person's British accent and dialect:

 1. Regional Origin

England: Accents can vary greatly. For instance, a person from London might have a "Cockney" or "Estuary English" accent, while someone from the North might have a "Geordie" (Newcastle), "Scouse" (Liverpool), or "Yorkshire" accent. Each of these accents has distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

Scotland: Scottish accents, like the Glaswegian or Edinburgh accent, have their own unique sounds and phrases. Scottish Gaelic can also influence some dialects, especially in the Highlands and Islands.

Wales: Welsh accents differ by region (North, South, West), and are often influenced by the Welsh language, which can impact pronunciation and vocabulary.

Northern Ireland: Accents in Northern Ireland, such as the Belfast or Derry accent, are distinct and influenced by both Irish and Scottish Gaelic.

2. Social Class

In the UK, certain accents are historically associated with different social classes. For example, Received Pronunciation (RP), often referred to as "the Queen's English" or "BBC English," has been traditionally associated with the upper class and educated individuals.

In contrast, regional accents like Cockney (East London) or Scouse (Liverpool) might historically be associated with the working class. However, this perception is evolving, and many regional accents are now embraced across all social strata.

3. Education and Professional Background

The use of RP or an accent closer to it can sometimes suggest a private or grammar school education, particularly if combined with certain vocabulary and speech patterns.

Accents can also hint at professional backgrounds; for example, certain industries or professions may be more prevalent in specific regions, and people may adopt or modify their accents for career reasons (e.g., broadcasters often use RP).

4. Cultural Identity and Community Ties

A person's accent can also signify cultural identity and community ties. For example, someone with a strong Scottish or Welsh accent might identify closely with their national identity and culture.

Dialect words and phrases can also indicate cultural practices, local traditions, and historical influences specific to a region.

5. Historical and Ethnic Influences

Accents and dialects can reflect historical migration patterns, trade, and ethnic influences. For instance, the Scouse accent has Irish influences due to the large number of Irish immigrants who moved to Liverpool in the 19th century.

6. Linguistic Features

Different accents will have specific phonetic features (like the dropped "h" in Cockney or the rolled "r" in Scottish accents), grammatical structures (such as the use of "yous" for the plural of "you" in Northern Irish English), and vocabulary (like "bairn" for "child" in Scottish and Northern English dialects).

7. Age and Generation

Sometimes, you can infer a person's age or generational background based on their accent or the specific words they use. Older generations might use more traditional dialect words that are no longer common among younger speakers.

Overall, a Briton's accent and dialect provide a wealth of information about their background, including where they might have grown up, their social and educational background, and even aspects of their cultural identity.

题型：简答题主观题分值15分难度：较难

6

Critical Thinking

What are the chief reasons for the fertility rate in Britain to decline steadily over recent decades?

学生答案：

The decline in the fertility rate in Britain over recent decades can be attributed to several interconnected social, economic, and cultural factors. Here are the chief reasons:

 1. Economic Factors:

Rising Cost of Living: The increasing cost of living, particularly in urban areas, makes raising children more expensive. This includes housing, childcare, education, and healthcare costs, which can discourage larger families.

Economic Uncertainty: Economic instability, job insecurity, and concerns about the future financial environment can lead individuals and couples to delay or decide against having children.

Dual-Income Households: As more households depend on two incomes to maintain their standard of living, the financial strain of having children, particularly for those without access to affordable childcare, has increased.

2. Social and Cultural Changes:

 Changing Attitudes Toward Family and Parenthood: There is a shift in attitudes towards traditional family structures, with more people prioritizing personal freedom, career development, and lifestyle over having children.

Delayed Parenthood: Couples are having children later in life due to prioritizing education and career establishment, which often leads to fewer children overall. The biological window for having children also narrows as people age, contributing to lower fertility rates.

Increased Female Participation in the Workforce: More women are pursuing higher education and career opportunities, often delaying childbirth until later in life, which can reduce overall fertility rates.

Changing Gender Roles and Expectations: With evolving gender roles, the expectation for women to be primary caregivers has shifted, leading many to balance or prioritize careers alongside family planning, resulting in fewer children.

3. Availability and Use of Contraception:

Improved Access to Contraception: Easier access to effective contraception has given individuals more control over family planning, leading to a reduction in unintended pregnancies and enabling couples to decide the number and timing of their children.

Awareness and Education: Increased awareness and education about reproductive health and family planning have contributed to lower fertility rates as people make more informed decisions about childbearing.

4. Lifestyle Preferences:

Desire for Personal and Professional Fulfillment: Many people now prioritize personal goals, travel, hobbies, and career advancement over starting a family, contributing to delayed or reduced childbearing.

Urbanization: A significant portion of the population lives in urban areas where space is limited, and raising a larger family can be more challenging and expensive.

5. Government Policies and Social Support:

 Insufficient Family Support Policies: Although the UK has various social support systems, some individuals may feel there is insufficient government support for families, particularly in terms of affordable childcare, parental leave, and housing, making the prospect of having multiple children less appealing.

 Impact of Austerity Measures: Government austerity measures in the past have led to cuts in family benefits and social services, potentially discouraging larger families.

 6. Health and Medical Factors:

Increased Awareness of Health Risks:

Greater awareness of the health risks associated with late pregnancies and complications may lead to more cautious family planning, particularly among those over 35.

Infertility Issues: Delaying childbirth can lead to increased fertility problems, which could contribute to the decline in fertility rates.

7. Impact of Immigration Patterns:

Changes in Immigration Trends: In recent years, changes in immigration patterns, particularly with fewer immigrants ｆｒｏｍ higher-fertility regions, can impact overall fertility rates in Britain.

 8. Environmental and Global Considerations: Concerns About Overpopulation and Climate Change: Growing awareness of global issues such as overpopulation, climate change, and resource depletion may also influence individuals to have fewer children.

9. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic:

 Pandemic-Related Uncertainties: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new levels of uncertainty about health, economic stability, and the future, which has led to a short-term decline in fertility rates as couples postpone family planning decisions.

Overall, the decline in fertility rates in Britain is a result of a complex interplay of economic, social, cultural, and personal factors that influence individual and collective decisions about family size.