江苏开放大学大学英语（B)阅读理解参考答案

江苏开放大学大学英语（B)阅读理解参考答案
阅读所给材料。短文后有5个问题，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become. But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair? One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers? Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge. About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot’took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem. Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and "just better human beings." 1 What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?#A.Computers will prevail over human beings.#B.Computers have unmatched potential.#C.Computers are man's potential rivals.#D.Computers can become highly intelligent. 2 What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?#A.They are capable of predicting possible risks.#B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.#C.They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.#D.They sacrifice everything to save human lives. 3 What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age？#A.How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.#B.How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.#C.How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.#D.How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines. 4 What do we learn about Microsoft's 'chatbot' Taylor？#A.She could not distinguish good from bad.#B.She could turn herself off when necessary.#C.She was not made to handle novel situations.#D.She was good at performing routine tasks. 5 What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence？#A.It will be far superior to human beings.#B. It will keep improving as time goes by.#C. It will prove to be an asset to human beings.#D. It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.    

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以下是短文后5个问题的最佳选项及其对应的解析：

1. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?
D. Computers can become highly intelligent.
解析：文章通过AlphaGo战胜人类的例子来展示计算机的高智能水平，而不是要说明计算机会战胜人类、成为人类的潜在竞争对手或拥有无法比拟的潜力。因此，选项D是正确的。

2. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
C. They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
解析：文章讨论了无人驾驶汽车在面临道德困境时做出选择的问题，这涉及到机器如何在复杂的道德情境中做出合理决策。因此，选项C是正确的。

3. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
B. How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.
解析：文章提到，随着AI变得越来越智能，如何教会它们遵循伦理是更大的挑战。因此，选项B是正确的。

4. What do we learn about Microsoft's 'chatbot' Taylor?
A. She could not distinguish good from bad.
解析：文章提到Taylor被人教会了种族主义思想，并开始说一些不合适的话，说明她无法区分好坏。因此，选项A是正确的。

5. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
C. It will prove to be an asset to human beings.
解析：Eric Schmidt认为AI会使人类变得更聪明、更能干，因此，他认为AI对人类是有益的。选项C准确表达了他的观点。