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24秋国开电大春结束广州市广播电视大学管理学基础形考任务四形考任务四参考答案_1

来源：百年教育职业培训中心　更新时间：2024-09-19 11:12:19

形考任务四_形考任务四0形考任务四_形考任务四0试卷总分:100得分:0一、名词解释（20分）1.从教材中找出十个关键词，并加以解释答案:

形考任务四_形考任务四0

试卷总分:100 得分:0

一、名词解释（20分）

1. 从教材中找出十个关键词，并加以解释

答案:<spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">1．管理：是管理者为有效地达到组织目标，对组织资源和组织活动有意识、有组织、不断地进行的协调活动。 <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">2．外部环境：民族文化传统、社会政治制度、经济制度和科学技术便成为影响管理活动的外部环境. <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">3．管理职能：即是管理的职责的权限。管理职能有一般职能和具体职能之分。  <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">4．决策：指人们为了实现某一特定系统的目标，在占有信息的经验的基础上，根据客观的条件，提出各种备选的行动方案，借助科学的理论和方法，进行必要的计算、分析和判断，从中选择出一个最满意的方案，以之作为目前和今后的行动指南。  <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">5．协调：即和谐，指企业的一切工作都能配合得适当，以便于工作使企业的经营活动顺利进行，并有利于企业取得成功。  <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">6．组织的效率：指组织活动达到组织目标的有效性。<spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">7．霍桑试验：分为四个阶段：1）工厂照明试验；2）继电器装配试验；3）谈话研究；4）观察试验。 <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">8．行为科学：广义的行为科学是指包括类似运用自然科学的实验和观察方法，研究在自然和寒舍环境中人的千米的科学。狭义的行为科学是指有关对工作环境中个人和群体的行为的一门综合性学科。组织行为学：主要包括领导理论和组织变革、组织发展理论。  <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">9．企业再造：企业再造的实施方法是以先进的信息系统和信息技术为手段，以顾客中长期需要为目标，通过最大限度地减少产品的质量和生产规模发生质的变化。  <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">10.管理理论的丛林:理论和学派在历史源渊和内容上相互影响的相互联系，形成了盘根错节、争相竞荣的局面，被称为"管理理论的丛林"。<spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="260" >

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二、撰写一篇小短文（80分）

2. 管理学是研究管理活动过程及其规律的科学，是管理实践活动的科学总结。任何一个组织，凡是有目标、有协调活动，都需要管理。学完课程后，你有哪些收获？或者体会？请撰写一篇1000字左右的小短文。

答案:<spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">答：<spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">管理学分为总论、决策与计划、组织、领导、控制、创新六篇，每一篇都有特定的目标主旨。而计划作为管理学理论的基础，让我有了许多很深的体会。  <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">在为群体中一起工作的人们设计环境，使每个人有效地完成任务时，管理人员最主要的任务，就是努力使每个人理解群体的使命和目标以及实现目标的方法。如果要使群体的努力有成效，其成员一定要明白期望他们完成的是什么，这就是计划工作的职能，而这项职能在所有管理职能中是最基本的。计划包括确定使命和目标以及完成使命和目标的行动；这需要指定决策，即从各种可供选择的方案中确定行动步骤。计划制订分为如下步骤：寻找机会→确定目标→拟订前提条件→确定备选方案→评估备选方案→选择方案→制定衍生计划→用预算量化计划。计划制订的步骤可以用于大多数需要的场合，例如许多大学生准备出国留学，那就可以根据这些计划步骤来为自己做准备。首先，我们需要认识到出国读书的机会以及因此所带来的机遇等，然后，我们就需要设定各方面的目标，如选择国家以及就读的专业领域等。    <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">    我们还需要假设是否能在留学过程中获得奖学金以及是否能够在外兼职打工，无论哪种情况，都有几个需要仔细平衡的选择方案。因此，学生们可以就申请不同的学校利弊进行评价，选择适合自己的留学国家和学校。在成功收到入取通知书后和申请到签证后，我们就需要开始指定衍生计划，包括选择住处、搬到一个新的地址，或在学校附近找一份工作。然后，我们需要将一切计划转换成预算，包括学费、生活费等等。这些步骤都是一个计划的体现。   <spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;="" mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"="">    无论是企业还是个人，一个好的完善的计划必定能够帮助我们更快更有效的确定行动方向，从而能达到事半功倍的效果。例如许多著名品牌都制定了其长远的营销战略：可口可乐公司的长远目标宗旨就是 :“我们致力于长期为公司的股东创造价值，不断改变世界。通过生产高质量的饮料为公司、产品包装伙伴以及客户创造价值，进而实现我们的目标。” ＡＴＴ则是：“我们立志成为全球最受推崇和最具价值的公司。我们的目标是丰富顾客的生活，通过提供新鲜有效的通信服务帮助顾客在商业上取得更大成功，并同时提升股东价值综上所述，一个学期的管理学带给我很多心得体会，我也将会应用于今后的实践中，取得了跟多的收获。<spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体; mso-bidi-font-family:'times="" new="" roman';font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"=""><o:p></o:p></spanyes';font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;></spanyes';font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml><w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="260" >

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