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[百年教育职业培训中心] 网络教育统考大学英语407 试卷A6_2参考复习资料

来源：百年教育职业培训中心　更新时间：2022-05-13 04:24:58

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大学英语A6

一、阅读理解

Studies in advanced economics show, as one would expect, that for every 1,000 pounds increases in income there is, indeed, an increased sense of well-being ― but only for the poorest fifth of the population. Beyond that, there is almost no increase in people's satisfaction with their lives as income levels increase. In Australia, there is a slightly close relation between level of income and well-being, but in the US and England there is only an unimportant and irregular relationship. The rich are no happier than the middle classes and the upper middle class is no happier than the lower middle class. Beyond poverty or near poverty levels of income, if money buys happiness, it buys very little and often it buys none at all.

This is strange because market economists report that the purpose of the market is to maximizethe satisfaction of human wants. But they measure that satisfaction, called "utility", in a circular manner: satisfaction with something is revealed by the very fact that it was bought.

Yet studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of well-being cannot be bought, such as a good family life, friendship, work satisfaction, and satisfaction with the many people, security of income actually contributes more to measured well-being than level of income does.

Most people believe that if they had 25 percent more income they would be much more satisfied with their lives, but those whose incomes are now at that higher level are not more satisfied with their lives. Changes in income do briefly influence our sense of well-being, but even the happiness that comes with an increase in income does not last long.

1.What is the main topic of this passage?

A.Poverty and happiness.

B.Income and social classes.

C.Income increase and sense of happiness.

D.Income increase and social classes.

2.According to the author, people from which of the following groups would feel happier if there is an income increase?

A.Upper middle class.

B.The poorest population.

C.Upper rich class.

D.White collars.

3.The word “maximize” in the second paragraph can be best replaced by “______”.

A.maintain

B.meet

C.increase the most

D.enlarge

4.According to the passage, all of the following contribute more to the sense of happiness THAN ______.

A.work satisfaction

B.level of income

C.security of income

D.good family life

5.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A.Income increase does change one's sense of well-being, especially the lower middle class.

B.Markets help people to gain their happiness.

C.Income may influence one's sense of well-being but can not make it last long.

D.The author thinks that in the US much money can give people a better life with happiness.

A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.

Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.

Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.

The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.

6.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.

A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US

B.small-minded officials deserve a serious comment

C.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors

D.most Americans are ready to offer help

7.It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.

A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship

B.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated

C.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends

D.social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions

8.Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.

A.to improve their hard life

B.in view of their long-distance travel

C.to add some flavor to their own daily life

D.out of a charitable impulse

9.The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.

A.tends to be superficial and artificial

B.is generally well kept up in the United States

C.is always understood properly

D.has something to do with the busy tourist trails

10.What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?

A.Favorable.

B.Unfavorable.

C.Indifferent.

D.Neutral.

二、词汇与语法

11.Most of the workers were _______ until the firm received new orders.

A.laid off

B.called off

C.put off

D.taken off

12.This case is quite _____today with the great development of science and technology.

A.common

B.general

C.modern

D.alike

13.__________purpose did you say their team would beat ours?

A.For which

B.What

C.For what

D.Which

14.Not only _______ our money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.

A.we lost

B.lost we

C.we did lose

D.did we lose

15.You should give the application to the man ______ at that chair.

A.sits

B.to sit

C.sat

D.sitting

16._____ pollution control measures are expensive, local governments hesitate to adopt them.

A.Although

B.However

C.Because

D.Moreover

17.For most people, it takes _______ effort to memorize a long poem.

A.to consider

B.considering

C.considerable

D.considerate

18.The explanation given by the manager yesterday was not at all ____ to us.

A.satisfy

B.satisfied

C.satisfys

D.satisfactory

19.He has gone to the post office to ________ a parcel that has come to him from his brother.

A.gather

B.mail

C.collect

D.pick

20.- Does he speak English or Russian?

- He doesn't speak_________.

A.either

B.neither

C.another

D.none

三、完型填空

The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.___21___these wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with___22___ sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is always the most ___23___ one.

Large highways often pass ___24___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally connect large urban centers which means that they become crowded with ___25___traffic during rush hours when the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route.

However, there is ___26___ always another route to take if you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___27___ new “superhighways”, there are often older ___28___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. Some of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___29___or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean___30___ of the world.