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1.1 Introduction to linguistics_习题
1、【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A、Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
B、Language is instrumental.
C、Language is social and conventional.
D、Language is a system of symbols.
2、【单选题】The scope of linguistic study may be generally divided into ______________.
A、descriptive linguistics and prescriptive linguistics
B、sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics
C、phonetics and phonology
D、interlinguistic study and extralinguistic study
3、【单选题】 Saussure made the distinction between _______________.
A、 langue and parole
B、competence and performance
C、theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics
D、comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
4、【单选题】Chomsky made the distinction between _______________.
A、langue and parole
B、competence and performance
C、diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics
D、comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
5、【单选题】As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___________.
A、prescriptive
B、sociolinguistic
C、descriptive
D、sycholinguistic
6、【判断题】Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】The actual production and comprehension of the speech by speakers of a language is called performance.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】The fact that children can speak before they can read or write shows that language is arbitrary.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic competence.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【填空题】 linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
A、
11、【填空题】A description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation.
A、
12、【填空题】 is the study of psychological aspects of language; it usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. Most problems in are more concrete, involving the study of language acquisition especially in children and linguistic performance such as producing and comprehending utterances or sentences among adults.
A、
1.2 Design features of language_习题
1、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature of language?
A、Arbitrariness.
B、Convention
C、Duality
D、Displacement
2、【单选题】“I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of __________.
A、arbitrariness
B、creativity
C、duality
D、displacement
3、【单选题】 The design feature of __________ refers to the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level.
A、arbitrariness
B、creativity
C、duality
D、displacement
4、【单选题】One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.
A、duality
B、productivity
C、displacement
D、arbitrariness
5、【单选题】In broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of ____vocal symbols used for human communication.
A、conventional
B、motivated
C、arbitrary
D、dual
6、【填空题】By is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
A、
7、【填空题】 means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.
A、
Origins of language_习题
1、【单选题】 holds that language originates from the uttering of instinctive sounds of pain, anger and joy.
A、The bow-wow theory
B、The Ding-Dong theory
C、The pooh-pooh theory
D、The yo-he-ho theory
2、【单选题】 holds that language originated from people’s imitations of animal cries and other sounds heard in nature.
A、The bow-wow theory
B、The Ding-Dong theory
C、The pooh-pooh theory
D、The yo-he-ho theory
3、【判断题】The bow-wow theory is based on the fact that modern languages have some words with pronunciations which seem to echo natural souds.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】Now linguists have known the specific origins of human languages.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】The yo-he-ho theory explains that language originated from the cries uttered during strain of work.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【填空题】 ____________ nfocuses mainly on the biological basis of the formation and development of human language.
A、
1.4 Functions of language_习题
1、【单选题】When people use language to express attitudes, feelings and emotions, people are using the ____________function of language.
A、emotive
B、creative
C、phatic
D、metalingual
2、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT a metafunction of language proposed by Halliday?
A、Ideational
B、Conventional
C、Interpersonal
D、Textual
3、【单选题】The social functions of language do NOT include_______________.
A、informative function
B、interrogative function
C、phatic function
D、metacognitive function
4、【单选题】The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.
A、phatic
B、directive
C、evocative
D、performative
5、【判断题】“Language operates by rules” is a fundamental view about language.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the creative function of language.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】According to Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language, interpersonal function enacts social relationship.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】According to Halliday's theory of metafunctions of language, language has ideational, interpersonal and textual function.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the poetic function of language.
A、正确
B、错误
第一单元语言学导论测试
1、【单选题】Chomsky made the distinction between _______________.
A、competence and performance
B、comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
C、langue and parole
D、microlinguistics and macrolinguistics
2、【单选题】As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___________.
A、prescriptive
B、descriptive
C、sociolinguistic
D、psycholinguistic
3、【单选题】“I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of __________.
A、arbitrariness
B、duality
C、displacement
D、creativity
4、【单选题】In broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of ____vocal symbols used for human communication.
A、arbitrary
B、motivated
C、conventional
D、dual
5、【单选题】There are some well-known theories about the origin of language, among which______ proposes an extremely specific connection between physical and oral gesture.
A、the oral-gesture theory
B、the bow-wow theory
C、the pooh-pooh theory
D、the yo-he-ho theory
6、【单选题】 holds that language originated from people’s imitations of animal cries and other sounds heard in nature.
A、The pooh-pooh theory
B、The bow-wow theory
C、The divine-source theory
D、The yo-he-ho theory
7、【单选题】When people use language to express attitudes, feelings and emotions, people are using the ____________function of language.
A、recreational
B、emotive
C、phatic
D、metalingual
8、【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A、Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
B、Language is instrumental.
C、Language is a system of symbols.
D、Language is social and conventional.
9、【单选题】By is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
A、duality
B、displacement
C、productivity
D、arbitrariness
10、【判断题】All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【判断题】Now linguists have known the specific origins of human languages.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】“Language operates by rules” is a fundamental view about language.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【判断题】When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the poetic function of language.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】According to Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language, interpersonal function enacts social relationship.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic performance.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】The bow-wow theory is based on the fact that modern languages have some words with pronunciations which seem to echo natural souds.
A、正确
B、错误
17、【判断题】A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation.
A、正确
B、错误
18、【判断题】 Synchronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
A、正确
B、错误
2.1 Phonetics introduction_习题
1、【单选题】Pair ___________ doesn’t form a minimal pair.
A、gap and cap
B、pat and pad
C、 tip and dip
D、cat and act
2、【单选题】The study of the production of speech sounds is closely connected with ____________.
A、acoustic phonetics
B、articulatory phonetics
C、auditory phonetics
D、arbitrary phonetics
3、【单选题】The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is closely connected with ____________.
A、coustic phonetics
B、articulatory phonetics
C、auditory phonetics
D、arbitrary phonetic
4、【单选题】The study of the perception of speech sounds is closely connected with .
A、acoustic phonetics
B、articulatory phonetics
C、auditory phonetics
D、arbitrary phonetics
5、【单选题】Pair is not in complementary distribution.
A、spot and pot
B、stop and top
C、school and cool
D、light and glad
6、【判断题】A single phoneme always represents a single morpheme.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Cave and shave forms a minimal pair.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】The tongue is divided into five parts: the tip, the blade, the front, the back and the root.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【填空题】The speech sound segments that can distinguish or contrast words in sound and meaning are s. (A is the minimal or smallest distinctive linguistic unit in a language.)
A、
12、【填空题】 refers to the different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in .
A、
2.2 English Consonants_习题
1、【单选题】The classification and description of English consonants are based on ___________________.
A、the position of the tongue
B、narrow and broad transcription
C、the shape of vocal tract
D、the place and manner of articulation
2、【单选题】According to the manner of articulation, [m] is a ___________.
A、bilabial
B、plosive
C、nasal
D、fricative
3、【单选题】In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [n], [z] share the feature of ____________.
A、palatal
B、alveolar
C、bilabial
D、velar
4、【单选题】Which of the following sounds is a bilabial?_____________.
A、[ g ]
B、[ d ]
C、[ b ]
D、[ m ]
5、【单选题】Which of the following sounds is an alveolar?_____________.
A、[ g ]
B、[ b ]
C、[ d ]
D、[ m ]
6、【判断题】The difference between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of the airstream.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】According to the manner of articulation, [s] is a fricative.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】/d/ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【填空题】 are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of the air in the oral cavity.
A、
2.3 English Vowels_习题
1、【单选题】The classification and description of English vowels are based on ___________________.
A、the position of the tongue
B、the shape of the lips
C、the shape of vocal tract
D、all of the above
2、【单选题】The difference between vowels and consonants lies in ___________________.
A、the intonation of the sounds
B、the place and manner of articulation
C、the aspiration of the sounds
D、the obstruction of the airstre
3、【单选题】A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A、back
B、central
C、front
D、middle
4、【单选题】 can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
A、Vowel sounds
B、Consonant sounds
C、Voicing sounds
D、Devoicing sounds
5、【填空题】 s are sounds produced without obstruction, so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived.
A、
第二单元语音学测验
1、【单选题】The study of the production of speech sounds is closely connected with ____________.
A、articulatory phonetics
B、acoustic phonetics
C、auditory phonetics
D、arbitrary phonetics
2、【单选题】The study of the perception of speech sounds is closely connected with .
A、auditory phonetics
B、acoustic phonetics
C、arbitrary phonetics
D、articulatory phonetics
3、【单选题】Pair ___________ doesn’t form a minimal pair.
A、gap and cap
B、pat and pad
C、 tip and dip
D、cat and act
4、【单选题】The classification and description of English consonants are based on ___________________.
A、the position of the tongue
B、the shape of vocal tract
C、narrow and broad transcription
D、the place and manner of articulation
5、【单选题】According to the manner of articulation, [m] is a ___________.
A、bilabial
B、plosive
C、nasal
D、fricative
6、【单选题】In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [n], [z] share the feature of ____________.
A、palatal
B、alveolar
C、bilabial
D、velar
7、【单选题】Which of the following sounds is a palatal?
A、[ b ]
B、[ d ]
C、[ g ]
D、[ j ]
8、【单选题】The two sounds [ p ] and [ b ] share the same place and manner of articulation, but they are distinguished by _______.
A、voicing
B、tenseness
C、roundedness
D、position of the tongue
9、【单选题】The voiceless bilabial stop in English is _____________.
A、[ p ]
B、[ b ]
C、[ t ]
D、[ d ]
10、【单选题】The voiceless alveolar fricative in English is ________.
A、[s]
B、[d]
C、[f]
D、[v]
11、【判断题】The difference between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of the airstream.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】According to the manner of articulation, [s] is a alveolar.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【判断题】/d/ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】Velar sounds are made with the back of the tongue raised to touch the velum.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】 Vowels are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of the air in the oral cavity.
A、正确
B、错误
17、【判断题】The high front tense unrounded vowel in English is [i:].
A、正确
B、错误
18、【判断题】Vowels are sounds produced without obstruction, so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived.
A、正确
B、错误
3.1 Phonology introduction_习题
1、【单选题】Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/are the most flexible.
A、 mouth
B、 lips
C、 tongue
D、vocal cords
2、【单选题】A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A、phone
B、sound
C、allophone
D、phoneme
3、【单选题】The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
A、phones
B、sounds
C、 phonemes
D、allophones
4、【单选题】 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
A、in phonemic contrast
B、in complementary distribution
C、the allophones
D、 minimal pair
5、【单选题】The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.
A、identical
B、the same
C、 exactly alike
D、similar
6、【判断题】Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
A、正确
B、错误
Coarticulation_习题
1、【单选题】When such simultaneous or overlapping articulation are involved, we call the process .
A、coarticulation
B、aspiration
C、nasalization
D、epenthesis
2、【单选题】 In producing a nasal the soft palate is lowered to allow airflow through the _____ .
A、vocal folds
B、 vocal cords
C、nasal tract
D、larynx
3、【单选题】The fact that the vowel in lamb has some quality of the following nasal is a phenomenon we call .
A、nasalization
B、velarization
C、 aspiration
D、devoicing
4、【单选题】 In coarticulation, if the sound becomes more like the following sound, as in lamb, it is known as .
A、perseverative coarticulation
B、 dentalization
C、anticipatory coarticulation
D、progressive assimilation
5、【单选题】When we use a simple set of symbols in our transcription, it is called a .
A、narrow transcription
B、aspiration
C、 nasalization
D、broad transcription
6、【判断题】 In English, the distinction between aspirated [pʰ] and unaspirated [p] is not phonemic.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】 In the word peak, /p/ is unaspirated, phonetically transcribed as [p].
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Aspiration is a distinctive feature in English.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】In phonetic terms, phonemic transcriptions represent the “narrow” transcription.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】Speech is a continuous process, so the vocal organs do not move from one sound segment to the next in a series of separate steps.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【填空题】Simultaneous or overlapping articulations, as when the nasal quality of a nasal sound affects the preceding or following sound so that the latter becomes nasalized. If the affected sound becomes more like the following sound, it is known as anticipatory ; if the sound shows the influence of the preceding sound, it is perseverative .
A、
Epenthesis and distinctive feature_习题
1、【单选题】 Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ______.
A、phonetic components
B、immediate constituents
C、suprasegmental features
D、 semantic features
2、【单选题】A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A、phone
B、sound
C、allophone
D、 phoneme
3、【单选题】 A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as ____.
A、apocope
B、epenthesis
C、 parenthesis
D、antithesis
4、【判断题】 Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【填空题】A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as .
A、
6、【填空题】The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of . But it is an abstract unit. To be exact, a phoneme is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A、
Suprasegmentals_习题
1、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT a Suprasegmental feature?
A、tone
B、intonation
C、stress
D、syllable
2、【单选题】In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ____________.
A、peak or nucleus
B、onset
C、coda
D、sequence
3、【单选题】The word “digitalization” consists of _______ syllables.
A、five
B、six
C、three
D、 four
4、【单选题】Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.
A、 phonetic components
B、immediate constituents
C、suprasegmental features
D、semantic features
5、【填空题】The features that occur above the level of the segments and can distinguish meaning are called , which include syllable structure, stress, tone and intonation.
A、
6、【填空题】When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as .
A、
Syllable_习题
1、【判断题】Sound assimilation may bring about the loss of one of two phonetically similar syllables in sequence, as in the case of change of “Engla-land” to “England”.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【填空题】 refers to the phenomenon of the loss of one of two phonetically similar syllables in sequence.
A、
第三单元音系学测验
1、【单选题】A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A、phone
B、sound
C、allophone
D、phoneme
2、【单选题】The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
A、phones
B、sounds
C、 phonemes
D、allophones
3、【单选题】 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
A、in phonemic contrast
B、in complementary distribution
C、the allophones
D、 minimal pair
E、free variations
4、【单选题】The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.
A、identical
B、the same
C、exactly alike
D、similar
5、【单选题】The fact that the vowel in lamb has some quality of the following nasal is a phenomenon we call .
A、nasalization
B、velarization
C、 aspiration
D、devoicing
6、【单选题】 In coarticulation, if the sound becomes more like the following sound, as in lamb, it is known as .
A、anticipatory coarticulation
B、progressive assimilation
C、perseverative coarticulation
D、dentalization
7、【单选题】 Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ______.
A、phonetic components
B、syllables
C、suprasegmental features
D、 allophonic variation
8、【单选题】A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A、phone
B、sound
C、allophone
D、 phoneme
9、【单选题】In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ____________.
A、peak or nucleus
B、onset
C、coda
D、sequence
10、【单选题】The word “digitalization” consists of _______ syllables.
A、five
B、 six
C、four
D、 three
11、【判断题】Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【判断题】 In the word peak, /p/ is unaspirated, phonetically transcribed as [p].
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】 In English, the distinction between aspirated [pʰ] and unaspirated [p] is not phonemic.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】Aspiration is a distinctive feature in English.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】In phonetic terms, phonemic transcriptions represent the “narrow” transcription.
A、正确
B、错误
17、【判断题】Speech is a continuous process, so the vocal organs do not move from one sound segment to the next in a series of separate steps.
A、正确
B、错误
Morphology introduction_习题
1、【单选题】Derivational affixes are bound morphemes added to existing form to construct new words. English derivational affixes are divided into ________and _______.
A、 prefixes, infixes
B、suffixes and infixes
C、prefixes, suffixes
D、morphemes, allomorphs
2、【单选题】 In the word “unavailability”, ______________ is the root.
A、 un
B、available
C、avail
D、ability
3、【单选题】 In today’s grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future tense”. This is because in English ________________.
A、the future is not expressed by morphological change
B、 the future can be expressed in many ways
C、the future belongs to the category of “aspect”
D、the future is expressed by modal verbs
4、【单选题】 The morpheme “vision” in the word “television” is a(n)____________.
A、free morpheme
B、bound form
C、inflectional morpheme
D、bound morpheme
5、【单选题】Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
A、happiness
B、television
C、ecology
D、 teacher
6、【判断题】 Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】–ing is an “inflectional suffix”.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】 Stems in English can be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】 The bound morpheme in “apples” is an inflectional morpheme.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】Although is an open-class word.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【填空题】 refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed. And can be further classified into free root morpheme and bound root morpheme.
A、
12、【填空题】 A morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments. Each of the phonetic forms or variants is a morph. A single morpheme may be phonetically realized as two or more morphs. The different morphs that represent or which are derived from one morpheme are called the of that morpheme.
A、
Word formation_习题
1、【单选题】__________can best describe the word formation processes of the following groups of words: table--tables, influenza--flu.
A、Inflection and abbreviation
B、Compound and derivation
C、 Inflection and derivation
D、Derivation and blending
2、【单选题】 Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stem?
A、 compound
B、inflection
C、derivation
D、coinage
3、【单选题】__________can best describe the word formation rules of the following group of words: to burgle (from burglar), Eurodollar (from European + dollar).
A、Back-formation and blending
B、Compound and derivation
C、Inflection and derivation
D、Derivation and blending
4、【单选题】__________can best describe the following group of words: table—tables, day + break—daybreak.
A、Inflection and compound
B、 Compound and derivation
C、 Inflection and derivation
D、 Derivation and blending
5、【单选题】 can best describe the following group of words: advertisement— ad, bicycle—bike.
A、compound
B、abbreviation
C、derivation
D、coinage
6、【判断题】“Invention” is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial pan of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Derivaiton does not change the grammatical class of the stem.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Inflection shows a relationship between roots and affixes.
A、正确
B、错误
第四单元形态学测验
1、【单选题】Derivational affixes are bound morphemes added to existing form to construct new words. English derivational affixes are divided into ________and _______.
A、 prefixes, infixes
B、suffixes and infixes
C、prefixes, suffixes
D、morphemes, allomorphs
2、【单选题】 In the word “unavailability”, ______________ is the root.
A、 un
B、available
C、avail
D、ability
3、【单选题】 In today’s grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future tense”. This is because in English ________________.
A、the future is not expressed by morphological change
B、the future can be expressed in many ways
C、the future belongs to the category of “aspect”
D、the future is expressed by modal verbs
4、【单选题】 The morpheme “vision” in the word “television” is a(n)____________.
A、free morpheme
B、bound form
C、inflectional morpheme
D、bound morpheme
5、【单选题】 Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stem?
A、 compound
B、inflection
C、derivation
D、coinage
6、【单选题】__________can best describe the word formation processes of the following groups words: table--tables, influenza--flu.
A、Inflection and abbreviation
B、Compound and derivation
C、 Inflection and derivation
D、Derivation and blending
7、【单选题】__________can best describe the word formation rules of the following group of words: to burgle (from burglar), Eurodollar (from European + dollar).
A、Back-formation and blending
B、Compound and derivation
C、Inflection and derivation
D、Derivation and blending
8、【单选题】Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
A、 teacher
B、ecology
C、television
D、happiness
E、friendship
9、【单选题】 refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed.
A、Root
B、Morpheme
C、Phoneme
D、Stem
10、【单选题】The different morphs that represent or which are derived from one morpheme are called the of that morpheme.
A、morphs
B、allomorphs
C、phones
D、allophones
11、【判断题】 Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】–ing is an “inflectional suffix”.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【判断题】 Stems in English can be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】 The bound morpheme in “apples” is an inflectional morpheme.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】”Although“ is an open-class word.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】A morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments.
A、正确
B、错误
17、【判断题】“Invention” is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
A、正确
B、错误
18、【判断题】Derivaiton does not change the grammatical class of the stem.
A、正确
B、错误
5.1 Concept of grammar_习题
1、【单选题】A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
A、right
B、wrong
C、 grammatical
D、ungrammatical
2、【单选题】A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A、coordinator
B、particle
C、preposition
D、subordinator
3、【单选题】Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
A、recursive
B、grammatical
C、social
D、functional
4、【单选题】Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
A、how words and phrases form sentences.
B、 what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C、how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D、All of the above.
5、【单选题】The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
A、large
B、small
C、finite
D、 infinite
6、【判断题】Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
A、正确
B、错误
5.2 Syntactic relations_习题
1、【单选题】A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A、coordinator
B、 particle
C、 preposition
D、subordinator
2、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
A、 positional relations
B、relations of co-occurrence
C、relations of expansion
D、relations of substitutability
3、【单选题】The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.
A、noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions
B、noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase
C、noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions
D、noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary
4、【单选题】The sentence structure is ________.
A、only linear
B、only hierarchical
C、complex
D、both linear and hierarchical
5、【单选题】 refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
A、syntagmatic relation
B、morphological
C、linguistic
D、paradigmatic relation
6、【判断题】Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
A、正确
B、错误
5.3 IC Analysis_习题
1、【单选题】The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
A、theme and rheme
B、government and binding
C、immediate constituent analysis
D、mood and modality
2、【单选题】Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
A、how words and phrases form sentences
B、what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C、 how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D、All of the above
3、【单选题】 Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
A、transformational generative grammar
B、systemic functional grammar
C、 traditional grammar
D、structural grammar
4、【填空题】 refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents – word groups (or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.
A、
5.4 Grammatical construction_习题
1、【单选题】Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
A、make-up
B、night-school
C、takehome
D、 pickpocket
2、【单选题】Typical endocentric constructions are not .
A、noun phrases
B、prepositional phrases
C、adjective phrases
D、verb phrases
3、【单选题】 The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
A、endocentric construction
B、 exocentric construction
C、 D-structure
D、 immediate constituents
4、【判断题】Construction is the grammatical structure of a sentence or any smaller unit, represented by a set of elements and relations between elements.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】 Construction can be divided into two types: endocentric construction and exocentric construction.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【填空题】 is just the opposite of endocentric construction. If refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable “centre” or “head” inside the group. Exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb+object) construction, and connective (be+complement) construction.
A、
9、【填空题】 is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
A、
5.5 TG grammar_习题
1、【单选题】Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.
A、transformational rules
B、generative rules
C、phrase structure rules
D、x-bar theory
2、【单选题】_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
A、 Generative
B、Transformational
C、 X-bar
D、 Phrase structure
3、【单选题】 The representative figure of TG grammar is .
A、Halliday
B、Chomsky
C、Malinowski
D、Saussure
4、【单选题】A grammar which consists of a set of statements or rules which specify which sequences of language are possible, and which impossible, is a grammar.
A、systemic
B、descriptive
C、generative
D、functional
5、【判断题】The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【填空题】 are the rules that transform one sentence type into another type.
A、
8、【填空题】 is the level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place. Phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
A、
第五单元句法学测试
1、【单选题】Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
A、recursive
B、grammatical
C、social
D、functional
2、【单选题】The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
A、large
B、small
C、finite
D、 infinite
3、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
A、positional relations
B、relations of co-occurrence
C、relations of expansion
D、relations of substitutability
4、【单选题】The sentence structure is ________.
A、only linear
B、only hierarchical
C、complex
D、both linear and hierarchical
5、【单选题】 ____ refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
A、Syntagmatic relation
B、Paradigmatic relation
C、Horizontal relation
D、Syntactic relation
6、【单选题】The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
A、theme and rheme
B、government and binding
C、immediate constituent analysis
D、mood and modality
7、【单选题】 Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
A、transformational generative grammar
B、systemic functional grammar
C、 traditional grammar
D、structural grammar
8、【单选题】________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
A、Endocentric
B、Exocentric
C、Coordinate
D、Subordinate
9、【单选题】Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
A、make-up
B、night-school
C、takehome
D、 pickpocket
E、forget-me-not
10、【单选题】 The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
A、endocentric construction
B、 exocentric construction
C、 D-structure
D、 immediate constituents
11、【单选题】Which of the following type of grammatical construction is NOT a typical endocentric construction?
A、prepositional phrase
B、noun phrases
C、adjective phrases
D、verb phrases
12、【单选题】_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
A、Transformational
B、 Phrase structure
C、X-bar
D、 Generative
13、【判断题】Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
A、正确
B、错误
17、【判断题】The syntactic function shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used.
A、正确
B、错误
18、【判断题】Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
A、正确
B、错误
19、【判断题】Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
A、正确
B、错误
20、【判断题】The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
A、正确
B、错误
Semantics: Introduction_习题
1、【单选题】Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of __________ .
A、phonetics
B、 syntax
C、semantics
D、pragmatics
2、【单选题】 can be defined as the study of meaning.
A、phonetics
B、syntax
C、semantics
D、 pragmatics
3、【单选题】The naming theory is advanced by ________.
A、Plato
B、Bloomfield
C、Geoffrey Leech
D、Firth
4、【单选题】 Which of the following is not true?
A、Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
B、Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.
C、Sense is abstract and decontextualized.
D、Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.
5、【单选题】___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.
A、 Predication analysis
B、Componential analysis
C、Phonemic analysis
D、Grammatical analysis
6、【判断题】Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Behaviourists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【填空题】 can be simply defined as the study of meaning in language.
A、
12、【填空题】 is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de contextualised.
A、
13、【填空题】 means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
A、
Classification of meaning_习题
1、【单选题】What is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis is what Leech recognizes as ____________ meaning.
A、 connotative
B、thematic
C、collocative
D、 social
2、【单选题】 The same word has the same _____________ meaning to all the speakers of the same language.
A、associative
B、 affective
C、reflected
D、conceptual
3、【单选题】 “Yellow” has different meanings to Chinese or to western people, that is its ____________ meaning.
A、associative
B、conceptual
C、denotative
D、stylistic
4、【单选题】From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.
A、affective
B、associative
C、stylistic
D、collocative
5、【单选题】Leech says that makes up the central part.
A、associative
B、affective
C、 reflected
D、conceptual
6、【填空题】 is the first type of meaning recognized by Leech, which he defined as the logical, cognitive, or denotative content. In other words, it overlaps to a large extent with the notion of reference. But Leech also uses “sense” as a briefer term for this conceptual meaning. As a result, Leech’s conceptual meaning has two sides: sense and reference.
A、
Synonymy_习题
1、【单选题】“Fall” and “autumn” are ___________________synonyms.
A、stylistic
B、absolute
C、phrasal
D、dialectal
2、【单选题】Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.
A、homonyms
B、 polysemy
C、 hyponyms
D、 synonyms
3、【单选题】The following are factors that help to produce near synonyms except .
A、conceptual difference
B、stylistic difference
C、 dialectal difference
D、connotative difference
4、【填空题】 refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.
A、
Antonymy_习题
1、【单选题】Which of the following is a pair of relational opposites?
A、single vs. married
B、 hot vs. cold
C、alive vs. dead
D、husband vs. wife
2、【单选题】 “Big” and “small” are ____________ antonyms.
A、gradable
B、complementary
C、converse
D、relational
3、【单选题】All the following are marked words EXCEPT _______.
A、small
B、low
C、old
D、 short
4、【单选题】“Alive” and “dead” are ________.
A、gradable antonyms
B、relational opposites
C、complementary antonyms
D、None of the above
5、【单选题】 is the name for oppositeness relation, which includes three main sub-types.
A、Hyponymy
B、Antonymy
C、Polysemy
D、 Synonymy
6、【填空题】 refers to the oppositeness of meaning. Words that are opposite in meaning are called antonyms. It can be divided into gradable antonymy, complementary antonymy, converse antonymy or relational opposites.
A、
7、【填空题】 refer to those kind of antonyms which are complementary to each other. That is, they divide up the whole of a semantic field completely. Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other, the denial of one also means the assertion of the other. Not only He is alive means “He is not dead”, He is not alive also means “He is dead.”
A、
Hyponymy_习题
1、【单选题】 The lower terms for a superordinate are _____________.
A、hyponyms
B、class members
C、 synonyms
D、homonyms
2、【单选题】The upper terms in the sense relation of hyponymy is called _____________.
A、superordinate
B、hypomym
C、synonyms
D、homonyms
3、【单选题】The sense relation which holds the pair of words beef—meat is .
A、synonymy
B、 hyponymy
C、synonyms
D、homonyms
4、【单选题】Terms like “apple”, “banana” and “pear” are of the term “fruit”.
A、hyponyms
B、antonyms
C、synonyms
D、 homonyms
5、【填空题】 refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.
A、
Homonymy_习题
1、【单选题】___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.
A、 Polysemy
B、Synonymy
C、Homonymy
D、Hyponymy
2、【单选题】 Pupil (student) and pupil (of eye) are known as .
A、 synonyms
B、complete homonyms
C、homographs
D、homophones
3、【单选题】 It’s everybody’s right, right? In this sentence, these two rights are .
A、synonyms
B、complete homonyms
C、 homographs
D、homophones
4、【单选题】Words berry and bury are
A、synonyms
B、complete homonyms
C、homographs
D、homophones
5、【单选题】The soldier decided to desert into the desert. Here, these two deserts are .
A、 synonyms
B、complete homonyms
C、homographs
D、 homophones
6、【判断题】The word “bow” can be used as noun and verb, so “bow”(as noun) and “bow” (as verb) are homographs.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Homonymy can be divided into three types.
A、正确
B、错误
Polysemy_习题
1、【单选题】The word polysemy is of rigin (Gk polys, much + sema, meaning).
A、 American
B、British
C、Greek
D、Australian
2、【单选题】 means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time.
A、Synonymy
B、Antonymy
C、Homonymy
D、Polysemy
3、【单选题】Of the three ways to express new ideas, new processes, new products, the simplest one is to .
A、have old words take on additional meaning
B、form a new word
C、borrow a word from other languages
D、None of above
4、【单选题】 There are processes leading to polysemy.
A、2
B、3
C、4
D、5
5、【判断题】In English as in any language the number of meanings is larger than the number of words.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】 Radiation and concatenation are processes leading to polysemy.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Semantically, concatenation is the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Radiation is a semantic Process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【填空题】 refers to the fact that the same one word may have more than one meaning. A word having more than one meaning is called polysemic word.
A、
Componential analysis_习题
1、【单选题】Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of __________ .
A、phonetics
B、syntax
C、semantics
D、pragmatics
2、【单选题】The verb “take” can be analyzed in the following way according to componential analysis.
A、take＝CAUSE(x, (HAVE (x,y)))
B、take＝CAUSE(x, (～HAVE(x,y)))
C、take＝CAUSE(x, (BECOME (x,y)))
D、take＝CAUSE(～, (BECOME (x,y)))
3、【单选题】 When a child uses “mummy” to refer to any woman, most probably his “mummy” means .
A、 ＋Human
B、＋Human ＋Adult
C、＋Human ＋Adult —Male
D、＋Human ＋Adult —Male ＋Parent
4、【填空题】 is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach is based on the belief that meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features or properties.
A、
Sentence meaning_习题
1、【单选题】What semantic relation do the following sentences have?a. My daughter likes reading.b. I have a daughter.
A、Contradiction
B、Entailment
C、Synonymy
D、Presupposition
2、【单选题】X: He has been to France.Y: He has been to Europe.The relationship of X and Y is ____________.
A、X entailing Y
B、synonymous
C、 inconsistent
D、X presupposing Y
3、【单选题】“Can I borrow your bike?”_______ “You have a bike.”
A、is synonymous with
B、is inconsistent with
C、entails
D、presupposes
4、【单选题】“Semantics is the scientific study of meaning” is a .
A、synonymy
B、polysemy
C、 antonymy
D、tautology
5、【单选题】Relation between propositions by which A presupposes B, if for A to have a truth value, B must be true is called .
A、presupposition
B、entailment
C、contradiction
D、synonymy
6、【判断题】The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】“It is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.
A、正确
B、错误
第六单元语义学单元测试
1、【单选题】Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of __________ .
A、pragmatics
B、phonetics
C、 syntax
D、semantics
2、【单选题】The naming theory is advanced by ________.
A、Bloomfield
B、Geoffrey Leech
C、Firth
D、Plato
3、【单选题】 The same word has the same _____________ meaning to all the speakers of the same language.
A、associative
B、 affective
C、conceptual
D、reflected
4、【单选题】From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use refers to the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.
A、affective
B、stylistic
C、collocative
D、thematic
5、【单选题】 “Yellow” has different meanings to Chinese or to western people; that is its ____________.
A、conceptual
B、associative
C、denotative
D、stylistic
6、【单选题】“Fall” and “autumn” are ___________________synonyms.
A、stylistic
B、absolute
C、phrasal
D、dialectal
7、【单选题】Partial synonyms may differ in the following aspects except ___ .
A、stylistic meaning
B、 associative meaning
C、connotative meaning
D、conceptual meaning
8、【单选题】Which of the following is a pair of relational opposites?
A、single vs. married
B、 hot vs. cold
C、alive vs. dead
D、husband vs. wife
E、true vs. false
F、long vs. short
G、buy vs. sell
9、【单选题】All the following are marked words EXCEPT _______.
A、small
B、low
C、old
D、 short
E、tall
F、slow
10、【单选题】 It’s everybody’s right, right? In this sentence, these two rights are .
A、complete synonyms
B、complete homonyms
C、 homographs
D、homophones
11、【单选题】X: He has been to France.Y: He has been to Europe.The relationship of X and Y is ____________.
A、X entailing Y
B、synonymous
C、 inconsistent
D、X presupposing Y
12、【判断题】Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【判断题】Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】Sense and reference are two different aspects of semantics, the former dealing with the semantic structure of language and the latter dealing with the meaning in terms of our experience outside language.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】Hyponymy refers to the relationship held between general and specific words.
A、正确
B、错误
17、【判断题】Fruit is the hyponym of words like banana, apple, or orange.
A、正确
B、错误
18、【判断题】The word “bow” can be used as noun and verb, so “bow”(as noun) and “bow” (as verb) are homographs.
A、正确
B、错误
19、【判断题】In English as in any language the number of words is larger than the number of meanings.
A、正确
B、错误
20、【判断题】Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features or properties.
A、正确
B、错误
7.1 Pragmatics: Introduction_习题
1、【单选题】We shall know a word by the company it keeps. This statement represents________.
A、the conceptualist view
B、contextualism
C、the naming theory
D、behaviourism
2、【单选题】Which of the following statements is true?
A、Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.
B、Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.
C、No utterances can take the form of sentences.
D、All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.
3、【单选题】If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _________.
A、constative
B、directive
C、utterance
D、 expressive
4、【单选题】A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.
A、 pragmatic
B、grammatical
C、mental
D、conceptual
5、【单选题】What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.
A、reference
B、speech act
C、practical usage
D、context
6、【判断题】Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.
A、正确
B、错误
7.2 Speech Act Theory_习题
1、【单选题】The husband coming into the kitchen is a reaction to the act of the wife’s utterance in the living room “The kettIe is boiling.”
A、illocutionary
B、perlocutionary
C、locutionary
D、none of the above
2、【单选题】____________ first proposed the Speech Act Theory.
A、Searle
B、Austin
C、Grice
D、Halliday
3、【单选题】The Speech Act theory is the study of ___________.
A、language in use
B、language in context
C、language in dictionary
D、 language in book
4、【单选题】The speech Act theory is developed by .
A、Searle
B、Austin
C、Grice
D、Halliday
5、【单选题】When somebody says “morning!”, we can ask a question like “What did he do?”. And the answer could be that he produced a sound, word or sentence. The act performed in this sense is called a act.
A、illocutionary
B、perlocutionary
C、locutionary
D、none of the above
6、【填空题】____________ concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer. By telling somebody something the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something, or mislead him, or surprise him, or induce him to do something, etc. Whether or not these effects are intended by the speaker, they can be regarded as part of the act that the speaker has performed.
A、
7、【填空题】__________ is the act of making a statement, offer, promise, etc. in uttering a sentence by virtue of the conventional force associated with it, that is, the act of showing the speaker’s intended communicative meaning through the sentence’s literal meaning. For example, when a person says “You have left the door open”, __________ performed by the speaker is that by making such an utterance he has expressed his intention of speaking, i.e. asking someone to close the door, or making a complaint, depending on the context.
A、
Cooperative Principle_习题
1、【单选题】X: Shall we get something for the kids?Y: Yes. But I veto C-A-N-D-Y. Y’s answer violates maxim of ____________.
A、quantity
B、quality
C、relation
D、manner
2、【单选题】__________ is advanced by Paul Grice.
A、Cooperative Principle
B、Politeness Principle
C、The General Principle of Universal Grammar
D、Adjacency Principle
3、【单选题】According to the conversational maxim of suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.
A、quantity
B、quality
C、relevance
D、manner
4、【单选题】Grice introduced the following categories of maxims to specify the CP further except .
A、quantity
B、quality
C、occasion
D、manner
5、【单选题】In specifying the maxism of manner in his CP theory, Grice mentioned all the following except _________.
A、Be relevant
B、Avoid ambiguity
C、Be brief
D、Avoid obscurity of expression
6、【填空题】__________ is the principle suggested by Grice about the regularity in conversation, which reads “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”. There are four categories of maxims under it, namely, quantity maxims, quality maxims, relation maxims, and manner maxims.
A、
Conversational Implicature_习题
1、【单选题】The theory of conversational implicature is proposed by Oxford philosopher ____________.
A、Herbert Paul Grice
B、John Langshaw Austin
C、John Rogers Searle
D、 George Lakoff
2、【单选题】 noticed that in daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them.
A、Grice
B、Austin
C、Searle
D、Lakoff
3、【单选题】Conversational implicature is a part of .
A、Phonetics
B、Semantics
C、Phonology
D、Pragmatics
4、【单选题】When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.
A、impoliteness
B、contradictions
C、mutual understanding
D、conversational implicatures
5、【填空题】According to Grice, _________ refers to the extra meaning not contained in the utterance, understandable to the listener only when he shares the speaker’s knowledge or he knows why and how he violates intentionally one of the four maxims of the CP.
A、
第七单元语用学单元测试
1、【单选题】We shall know a word by the company it keeps. This statement represents________.
A、the conceptualist view
B、contextualism
C、the naming theory
D、behaviourism
2、【单选题】If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _________.
A、constative
B、directive
C、utterance
D、 expressive
3、【单选题】What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether_________ is considered in the study of meaning.
A、reference
B、practical usage
C、speech act
D、context
4、【单选题】The husband coming into the kitchen in reaction to the wife’s utterance in the living room “The kettIe is boiling” is the act of the wife’s utterance.
A、illocutionary
B、perlocutionary
C、locutionary
D、speech
5、【单选题】____________ first proposed the Speech Act Theory.
A、J.Searle
B、J.Austin
C、H.P.Grice
D、M. A. K. Halliday
6、【单选题】X: Shall we get something for the kids?Y: Yes. But I veto I-C-E C-R-E-A-M.Y’s answer violates maxim of ____________.
A、quantity
B、quality
C、relation
D、manner
7、【单选题】Grice introduced the following categories of maxims to specify the CP further, except .
A、quantity
B、quality
C、logic
D、manner
8、【单选题】In specifying the maxism of manner in his CP theory, Grice mentioned all the following except _________.
A、Be relevant
B、Avoid ambiguity
C、Be brief
D、Avoid obscurity of expression
E、Be orderly
9、【单选题】When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.
A、impoliteness
B、contradictions
C、mutual understanding
D、conversational implicatures
10、【单选题】Which of the following is not a characteristic of conversational implicature?
A、Calculability
B、Non-detachability
C、Non-conventionality
D、Cancellability
E、Detachability
F、Conventionality
11、【判断题】Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【判断题】Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】According to the conversational maxim of manner suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】It is J. Austin who first put forward the idea of conversational implicature.
A、正确
B、错误
16、【判断题】According to the Relevance Theory, all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, can be reduced to a single principle of relevance.
A、正确
B、错误
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