《语言学导论》（第11期）

《语言学导论》（第11期）

《语言学导论》（第11期）

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问题 1: 1. According to John Austin, no matter what sentence or proposition is, it must be corresponding to the facts or outside world to determine its truth value.

选项:

答案: 错误

问题 2: 2. Austin, however, held that there existed some sentences which didn’t describe or report anything as opposed to doing things; they were still meaningful without considering their truth value.

选项:

答案: 正确

问题 3: 3. The terminology of pragmatics can trace back to 1930s, which first appeared in American philosopher Morris’ monologue Meanings of Meaning.

选项:

答案: 错误

问题 4: 4. Pragmatics can be defined as the study of utterance meaning, and contextual meaning.

选项:

答案: 正确

问题 5: 5. An illocutionary act is the act preformed by or as a result of saying, the effects on the hearer.

选项:

答案: 错误

问题 6: 1. The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week." obviously violates the maxim of ______.

选项:

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

答案: quality

问题 7: 2. Cooperative Principle was introduced by_______ in 1975.

选项:

A. P. Grice

B. L. Bloomfield

C. N. Chomsky

D. M. A. K. Halliday

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问题 8: 1. Corpus can be either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.

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问题 9: 2. The main purpose of a corpus is to verify a hypothesis about language--for example, to determine how the usage of a particular sound, word, or syntactic construction varies.

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问题 10: 3. A concordance is a list, arranged in an order specified by the user, such as the order of appearance, of the occurrences of items in a source text, where each occurrence is surrounded by an appropriate portion of its original context.

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问题 11: 4. Collocations are groups of words which frequently appear in the same context, displayed, for example, around a keyword by a concordancer.

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问题 12: 5. The extraction of collocations from corpora enables the creation of dictionaries for many purposes guides for learners of a second language or technical glossaries, for example.

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问题 13: 1. In two-word stage, little kids would pay attention to objects, actions, motions, and routines.

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问题 14: 2. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition? _______.

选项:

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use

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问题 15: 3. In first language acquisition children usually ______ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear.

选项:

A. use

B. accept

C. generalize

D. reconstruct

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问题 16: 4. Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.

选项:

A. the copula verb "be"

B. inflectional morphemes

C. function words

D. content words

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问题 17: 5. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.

选项:

A. babbling

B. one-word

C. two-word

D. multiword

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问题 18: 1. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners’ interlanguage.

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问题 19: 2. Interlanguage is the learner's current version of the language they are learning. Interlanguage changes all the time but can become fossilised language when the learners do not have the opportunity to improve.

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问题 20: 3. Error analysis is an approach of SLA which involves predicting and explaining learner problem based on a comparison of L1 and L2 to determine similarities and differences.

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问题 21: 4. Contrastive analysis has been put forward by Robert Lado.

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问题 22: 5. Accoring to error analysis, teachers should focus on areas of negative transfer.

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问题 23: 1. According to Chomsky, competence is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language.

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问题 24: 2. In TG, an infinite set of sentences can be generated from a finite set of elements by phrase structure rules and transformational rules.

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问题 25: 3. The book can be represented by a set of labeled brackets like [ NP [ Det the ] [ N books ] ]

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问题 26: 4. In X-bar terminology, every XP has X as an optional constituent.

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问题 27: 5. The principles of X-bar theory treats all categories (lexical and non-lexical) as the same structural representation.

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问题 28: 1. According to CG, language is the results of our conceptualization of the reality.

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问题 29: 2. Viewpoints about language by CG are like the mind is inherently embodied, abstract concepts are metaphorical and thought is mostly unconscious.

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问题 30: 3. CG holds the classical categorization view.

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问题 31: 4. Construal of Attention means that we activate the most relevant concepts more than concepts that are irrelevant to what we are thinking about.

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问题 32: 5. According to Lakoff & Johnson (1980), metaphors are actually cognitive tools that help us structure our thoughts and experiences in the world around us.

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问题 33: 1. SFL investigates how language is in close connection with the social and cultural environments in which the language is learned or employed.

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问题 34: 2. In SFL, language users are actually making choices in a system of systems and trying to realize different semantic function.

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问题 35: 3. Transitivity analysis is often used for the interpersonal analysis.

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问题 36: 4. Mood analysis is deployed to analyzing the interpersonal function.

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问题 37: 5. In analyzing transitivity structure in a clause, we are concerned with describing three aspects of the clause: Participant, Process, and Circumstance.

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