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1.1 In-Class Practice
1、【单选题】An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.Barometer is a meteorological instrument used for the measurement of atmospheric pressure.
A、A term to be defined;
B、The general class that the target term belongs to;
C、Differentiating features of the target term;
D、/
2、【单选题】An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.The metabolic rate of an animal is a measure of the overall energy needs that must be met by the animal ingestion and digestion of food.
A、A term to be defined;
B、The general class that the target term belongs to;
C、Differentiating features of the target term;
D、/
3、【单选题】An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definitions.Salinity is the amount of salt dissolved in a particular volume of water.
A、A term to be defined;
B、The general class that the target term belongs to;
C、Differentiating features of the target term;
D、/
4、【单选题】An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definitions.Airflow is the distribution of movement of air.
A、A term to be defined;
B、The general class that the target term belongs to;
C、Differentiating features of the target term;
D、/
5、【单选题】An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definitions.Refrigerant is a chemical that produces a cooling effect while expanding or vaporizing.
A、A term to be defined;
B、The general class that the target term belongs to;
C、Differentiating features of the target term;
D、/
1.2 In-Class Practice
1、【单选题】Decide whether the following statement is theoretical definition or operational ones.Electricity is an electric current which is made up of moving electrons.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
2、【单选题】Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.User space, the author proposes, is system memory allocated to running applications.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
3、【单选题】Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.Zoology may be defined as the science of the structure, forms and distribution of animals.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
4、【单选题】Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.Sociology is the study of the development, organization, functions and classification of human societies.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
5、【单选题】Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.Bourner and Hamed has suggested the following as a basic operational definition for further work in this area: artificial intelligence, or AI, is the ability of a computer to act like a human being.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
6、【单选题】Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.In this study, system resources is used to refer to how much memory, or RAM, your computer has available.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
7、【单选题】Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.Ralls (1977) argues that' the intensity of intrasexual selection in a species should be proportional to the ratio of the lifetime number of offspring sired by a highly successful male compared to the number of females.
A、Theoretical definition;
B、Operational definition;
C、/
D、/
8、【单选题】Which of the sentences in the paragraph is a definition? [A] Longitudinal dunes are long low ridges of sand that lie approximately at right angles to the trend of the sand waves, or parallel to the direction of the wind. [B] Some of the ridges are almost straight; others are slightly wavy. [C] They range up to about 10 metres in height and 30 metres in width. [D] Many are more than one and one-half kilometres long.
A、Longitudinal dunes are long low ridges of sand that lie approximately at right angles to the trend of the sand waves, or parallel to the direction of the wind.
B、Some of the ridges are almost straight; others are slightly wavy.
C、They range up to about 10 metres in height and 30 metres in width.
D、Many are more than one and one-half kilometres long.
9、【单选题】Which of the sentences in the paragraph is a definition? [A] Anger is having a feeling of hatred toward someone or something. [B] It is one of our basic emotions and can be most dangerous if it is not carefully controlled. [C] A person can become angry when he cannot fulfill some basic need or desire that is important to him. [D] For example, a child may become angry when he cannot play outside with his friends.
A、Anger is having a feeling of hatred toward someone or something.
B、It is one of our basic emotions and can be most dangerous if it is not carefully controlled.
C、A person can become angry when he cannot fulfill some basic need or desire that is important to him.
D、For example, a child may become angry when he cannot play outside with his friends.
10、【填空题】Which of the sentences in the paragraph are definitions? Write down their corresponding letters in the blank that follows.[A] The term protein quality refers to the ratio of essential amino acids (eaa) in a protein in comparison with the ratio required by the body. [B] A high-quality protein contains eaa in a ratio that matches human requirements. [C] A protein which is lacking or low in one or more eaa is termed a low-quality protein. [D] The eaa which is in the shortest supply is called the ‘limiting’ amino acid. [E] In general, animal proteins tend to be high quality while vegetable proteins tend to be low quality. [F] The exception is soy protein which is quite high quality.
A、
1.3 In-Class Practice
1、【判断题】Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose 正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.Commensalism is a relationship between two things that benefits one without harming the other.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose 正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy that flows between solids that are touching.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose 正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.Constellation is a group of stars in the night sky.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose 正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.Convection is the flow of thermal energy through a liquid of gas.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【填空题】Read the paragraph below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.Paragraph 1: Most people know a few things they could do to help reduce their impact on the environment, such as driving less, eating organic foods, and hanging their clothes to dry rather than using a dryer. Yet many people are not engaging in these attainable behaviors. Why not?Attainable behaviors are _______________.
A、
6、【填空题】Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.Animals must eat other organisms to stay alive. Since they derive their nutrition from other organisms, they are called telpons. In contrast, calpons (most plants, some bacteria, and some protists) trap solar energy through photosynthesis and use that energyto synthesize all of their components.Telpons are ________________________________.
A、
7、【填空题】Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.In chapter 6, we learned that energy in the chemical bonds of food molecules is converted to provide animals with energy for cellular work. This conversion is inefficient, however; in fact, most of the energy that was in the food is lost as heat. Therefore, we can talk about the energy requirements of animals and the energy content of food in terms of a measure of heat energy: the moffen. One of these units is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1◦C. Since this value is a tiny amount of energy compared with the energy requirements of many animals, physiologists commonly use the kilomoffen (kmof) as a unit of measure (1kmof = 1,000 moffens).Moffen is __________.
A、
8、【填空题】Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.The geradic rate of an animal (see Chapter 41) is a measure of the overall energy needs that must be met by the animal’s ingestion and digestion of food. The basal geradic rate of a human is about 1,300-1,500 kmof/day for an adult female and 1,600-1,800kmof/day for an adult male.Geradic rate is ________________________.
A、
9、【填空题】Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.It is possible, of course, to quantify the moffenic value of any food an animal eats. It is also possible to quantify the moffenic cost of anything an animal does. By comparing moffens consumed with moffens expended, it is possible to construct sceltel budgets for any set of circumstances. Sceltel budgets allow ecologists and evolutionists to apply a cost-benefit analysis to any behavior.Sceltel budget is ____________________________________.
A、
Unit Quiz 1
1、【单选题】Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.Accessibility refers to the design of products and environments for people with disabilities.
A、A term to be defined.
B、The general class that the target term belongs to
C、Differentiating features of the target term
D、/
2、【单选题】Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.Ventilator is a system that exchanges stale, re-circulated indoor airwith fresh, filtered outside air.
A、A term to be defined
B、The general class that the target term belongs to
C、Differentiating features of the target term
D、/
3、【单选题】Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.Cultural Integration Leader is an Americanstudent living in the dorms responsible for helping international studentsadjust culturally and socially to life at an American college.
A、A term to be defined
B、The general class that the target term belongs to
C、Differentiating features of the target term
D、/
4、【单选题】Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.Third party is a person or body that isrecognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns the issuein question.
A、A term to be defined
B、The general class that the target term belongs to
C、Differentiating features of the target term
D、/
5、【单选题】Which of the following sentences is a definition?
A、A racist can be defined as a prejudiced person who discriminates because of another individual’s outer appearance or race.
B、Racism can all start as a child being raised with negative thoughts, or can be brought upon by personal reasons.
C、For example, growing up in a racist family will give adolescent awful thoughts about a race without even experiencing how they really feel first hand.
D、A different example of how one might unfortunately choose to be racist would be if a person visits a country, and a negative event took place.
6、【单选题】Which of the following sentences is a definition?
A、For example, you are waiting in line to check out atthe grocery store and the lady behind you asks you to hand her a pack of gum.
B、Deja vu is a French word meaning "already seen", and it has also been described as a feeling or experience that one has seen or done something before.
C、Suddenly you get an overwhelming feeling that you have been there in that exact same spot, talking to the same lady, even the same brand of gum.
D、Even though everything seems so familiar you know there is no way that could have happened before.
7、【判断题】Is the following definition valid or invalid?Photosynthesis is a making process of plants.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Is the following definition valid or invalid?Faulting is a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Is the following definition valid or invalid?Inherited trait is a characteristic that is passed from parents to offspring.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】Is the following definition valid or invalid?Symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms that last over time.
A、正确
B、错误
Exercise 1
1、【单选题】But this does not totally explain the great resilience of Japanese pagodas. Is the answer that, like a tall pine tree, the Japanese pagoda–with its massive trunk-like central pillar known as shinbashira–simply flexes and sways during a typhoon or earthquake
A、a type of Japanese pagodas
B、a Japanese pine tree
C、the pillar inside the Japanese pagoda
D、a typhoon or earthquake that strikes Japan
2、【单选题】These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain's secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.
A、a field of study
B、an economic environment
C、a competitor
D、a discovery
3、【单选题】Before that, Latin was regarded as the lingua Franca for European intellectuals, that is, a language used for communication between peoples of different languages.
A、an important tool
B、a shared language
C、a language of the past
D、an intellectual tool
4、【单选题】An extended definition may explain the word's etymology or historical roots, describe sensory characteristics of something (how it looks, feels, sounds, tastes, smells), identify its parts, indicate how something is used, explain what it is not, provide an example of it, and/or note similarities or differences between this term and other words or things.
A、the origin of a word
B、the characteristics of a word
C、the parts of a word
D、the usage of a word
5、【单选题】“Busy as a bee” and “quiet as a mouse” are hackneyed phrases, used repeatedly so much so that they become unoriginal and no longer have much meaning.
A、boring through overuse
B、with much formality
C、with interesting meaning
D、fixed and used in spoken English
Exercise 2
1、【单选题】Because the Incas preserved their mummies, it seems that they never felt the urge to represent their ancestors as gods in their art. Thus, the huacas – the mummies or the stones representing them – were not dedicated to particular gods.
A、gods
B、mummies
C、Incas
D、ancestor
2、【单选题】If your conclusion paragraph becomes lengthy, consider breaking your paragraphs into penultimate (second to last) and final paragraphs.
A、very lengthy
B、the last but one
C、the final one
D、the most important
3、【单选题】Jack's duplicity – crafty dishonesty – caused him to steal his coworker's pensions by funneling their money into an offshore account.
A、stealing
B、banking habit
C、good reputation
D、deceitfulness
4、【单选题】And in the mld-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them in cipher, code, obscure languages, or in private messages deposited in a sealed box with the Royal Society.
A、foreign language
B、ancient message
C、mathematic message
D、secret language
5、【单选题】Look at maps of volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains like the Philippines and Japon, and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates – the several rigid pieces of the earth’s outer layer, thought to be in constant movement and collision against each other.
A、large pieces of the earth’s surface
B、significant movements of the earth
C、sudden eruptions of volcanoes
D、volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains
Exercise
1、【单选题】For the most part we are an intemperate people: we eat too much when we can, drink too much, indulge our senses too much.
A、showing a lack of desires for pleasure
B、showing a lack of appetite for food
C、showing a lack of interest in life
D、showing a lack of self-control
2、【单选题】She was highly praised for her sartorial choices during her husband’s tenure as prime minister, constantly helping to improve Englishwomen’s taste for clothes and regularly championing the country’s fashion industry.
A、related to politics
B、related to clothes
C、related to industry
D、related to England
3、【单选题】As the train approached,’ wrote Tarkovsky, ‘commotion started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away.’ That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture.
A、pleasurable excitement
B、noisy confusion
C、unreal feeling
D、calm fear
4、【单选题】He enjoyed the all trappings of wealth, such as expensive clothing, big diamond earrings, a chauffeur-driven car and even bodyguards.
A、inner qualities
B、outer clothing
C、material items
D、spiritual needs
5、【单选题】The image of the inscrutable Chinese runs deep in Western imagination. The inscrutable Chinese, i.e. mysterious, unfathomable, inexplicable, is a powerful image because it represents the many aspects of Chinese culture which Westerners find unaccountable and difficult to understand.
A、impolite
B、powerful
C、strange
D、hard-working
Exercise
1、【单选题】This harmony is not sameness. It is not a collapse of everything into one thing. It is also not stagnant. It is not the harmony of a statue that seems fixed in one place. It is a moving harmony, a changing harmony, a dynamic harmony.
A、fixed
B、changing
C、dynamic
D、harmonious
2、【单选题】To see a great film only on television isn't to have really seen that film. It's not only a question of the dimensions of the image: the disparity between a larger-than-you image in the theatre and the little image on the box at home. The conditions of paying attention in a domestic space are radically disrespectful of film.
A、remarkable similarity
B、clear superiority
C、great difference
D、unusual largeness
3、【单选题】Birdwhistell maintains that verbal communication represents less than 35% of the 'social meaning' of a situation, while more than 65% is expressed through nonverbal communication. Similarly, Albert Mehrabian contends that the total impact of a message is composed of a 7% verbal element, a 38% vocal element, and a 55 % facial element.
A、maintains
B、represents
C、expresses
D、is composed of
4、【单选题】Gaining a mentor is helpful when you are beginning a new job. A wise and trusted advisor can greatly assist your career.
A、someone who helps you gain experience
B、someone who advises you
C、someone who gives you a new job
D、someone who helps you start a career
5、【单选题】They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate-individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies. They have not been trained to see themselves as members of a close-knit, tightly interdependent family, religious group, tribe, nation, or other collectivity.
A、very religious
B、completely independent
C、fully responsible
D、firmly united
Exercise
1、【单选题】I was always hungry – oh, so hungry! The scant meals I could afford only sharpened my appetite for real food.
A、healthy
B、big
C、delicious
D、simple
2、【单选题】These news reports have been heavily censored, because they contain materials that are considered by the authorities to be both immoral and a political threat to the government.
A、highly praised
B、closely examined
C、widely accepted
D、carefully prepared
3、【单选题】To imprison requires jailers, and to execute a death punishment calls for executioners.
A、actors
B、supervisors
C、teachers
D、technicians
4、【单选题】This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students in expressing themselves.
A、limit
B、encourage
C、remove
D、communicate
5、【单选题】He pulled off his damp shirt and washed his face and torso, drying them on a thick blue towel.
A、his hands
B、his hair
C、his legs
D、his body
Unit Quiz 2
1、【单选题】The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions.
A、changed
B、harmful
C、predictable
D、excellent
2、【单选题】In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. In fact, they already borrow ideas and concepts from one another.
A、strengthening
B、becoming gas
C、disappearing
D、becoming sharper
3、【单选题】In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that “an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors.
A、that can be changed
B、than can become worse
C、that can not be prevented
D、that can not be undone
4、【单选题】In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that 'the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language'.
A、supporters
B、researchers
C、customers
D、standards
5、【单选题】At the age of five, six, well past the time when most other children no longer easily notice the difference between sounds uttered at home and words spoken in public, I had a different experience.
A、heard
B、spoken
C、completed
D、used
6、【单选题】Americans are not taught, as people in many Asian countries are, that they should mask their emotional responses. Their words, the tone of their voices, or their facial expressions will usually reveal when they are feeling angry , unhappy, confused, or happy and content. They do not think it improper to display these feelings, at least within limits.
A、hide
B、display
C、reveal
D、make
7、【单选题】In their efforts to use their time wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life. They are like little machines running around, one foreign visitor said.
A、human beings
B、efforts
C、machines
D、interactions
8、【单选题】There is little evidence to substantiate this theory though, by the same token, there is little to disprove it.
A、disprove
B、support
C、propose
D、present
9、【单选题】The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids.
A、plant pigments
B、various blue colours
C、chemical compounds
D、various red colours
10、【单选题】After the fire, the entire office was restricted, that is, only a few people could enter, for several days.
A、badly damaged
B、closed to the public
C、under repair
D、torn down
3.1 Definition of a Main Idea
1、【单选题】In reading comprehension, which of the following questions is asked about the topic of a passage?
A、What is the passage about?
B、What does the author want to convey to us in the passage?
C、What can you infer from the text?
D、What idea does the author mainly discuss?
2、【单选题】Which of the following sentences is FALSE about a main idea?
A、A main idea is also called the main point.
B、A main idea is the subject under discussion.
C、A main idea is the central idea or opinion the author makes about a certain topic.
D、A main idea sums up what the author wants to convey to us in a passage.
3、【单选题】Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry or organization. Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas, then comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event. The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.What is the topic of this paragraph?
A、Learning by doing
B、Manager Training course
C、Training through role-play
D、Role-playing manager
4、【单选题】Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry or organization. Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas, then comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event. The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?
A、Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course.
B、Manager training course invariably involves role play.
C、The problem of training manager through role-play is that it is not real life.
D、Managers role play as the key figures in fictional situations.
5、【单选题】Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty – not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed on us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely – after three hundred years of unceasing effort.What is the topic of this paragraph?
A、English law
B、American liberty
C、Seeds of American liberty
D、Inheritance from English law
6、【单选题】Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty – not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed on us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely – after three hundred years of unceasing effort.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?
A、The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty.
B、English law gave the seeds of American liberty but also much useless lumber.
C、We have not yet swept away the useless lumber brought by English law after 300 years of efforts.
D、The inheritance from English law was valuable and could not be denied.
7、【多选题】.A topic can often be found through .
A、the title
B、the subheading
C、the subject in the first sentence
D、the repeated words or phrases in the text
3.2 Features of a Main Idea
1、【单选题】Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.
A、Ludicrously, languages are no longer compulsory for post-14 year olds, and schools take every opportunity quietly to drop them.
B、Apart from blimpish ignorance, government policies and targets must take a share of the blame for the lack of linguistic intelligence of British people.
C、/
D、/
2、【单选题】Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.
A、Religiously active people have healthier lifestyles.
B、Religiously active people smoke and drink less.
C、/
D、/
3、【单选题】Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.
A、As the middle years of adulthood approach, many aspects of life become settled.
B、By the time most people reach the age of 40, their place in the framework of society is fairly well set.
C、/
D、/
4、【单选题】Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.
A、Green energy technologies play much less of a role.
B、Hydropower, at 7 percent of national electrical generating capacity, is an important contributor; unfortunately, potential growth is very limited.
C、/
D、/
5、【单选题】Directions: Decide which sentence is the topic sentence for each paragraph if there is any.1 The environmental impacts of offshore oil exploration and production are complex and far-reaching. 2 Petroleum, produced water, and the chemicals used to extract petroleum from under the ocean have mechanical, toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic impacts on marine life and the humans who eat its marvelous bounty. 3 But more profoundly, the combustion of petroleum is a major contributor of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere which, in turn, drives global warming and ocean acidification.
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、No topic sentence
6、【单选题】Directions: Decide which sentence is the topic sentence for each paragraph if there is any.1 As a language with many origins – Romance, Germanic, Norse, Celtic and so on – English was bound to be a mess. 2 But its elasticity makes it messier as well as stronger. 3 When it comes to new words, English puts up few barriers to entry. 4 Every year publishers bring out new dictionaries listing neologism galore. 5 The past decade, for instance, has produced not just a host of Internettery, computerese and phonebabble but quantities of teenspeak. 6 All are readily received by English, however much some fogies may resist them.
A、1
B、2
C、6
D、No topic sentence.
7、【单选题】Directions: Decide which sentence is the topic sentence for each paragraph if there is any.1 In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to extend marriage rights to same-sex couples, Belgium passed a similar law two years later. 2 Spain followed suit in July 2005, and in December 2005, the South African Supreme Court ruled that the country had to extend the rights of marriage to same-sex couples by the end of 2006. 3 Some of these countries, however, have strict citizenship or residency requirements that do not permit American couples to take advantage of the protections provided. 4 In 2003, Ontario became the first Canadian province to grant marriage to same-sex couples, and in July 2005, Canada’s federal government passed a law extending marriage equality nationwide.
A、1
B、3
C、4
D、No topic sentence
8、【填空题】Direction: Which text type does the main idea fall into, argumentative, expository or descriptive?1. Restricting carbon emissions damage the economy.
A、
9、【填空题】Direction: Which text type does the main idea fall into, argumentative, expository or descriptive?Culture is a term that refers to a large and diverse set of mostly intangible aspects of social life.
A、
10、【填空题】Direction: Which text type does the main idea fall into, argumentative, expository or descriptive?I spent a whole year with that wise old lady.
A、
3.3 Supporting Details
1、【多选题】Which of the following are probably NOT supporting details?
A、A summary of the text
B、A topic sentence
C、An explanation of a term
D、Some data
2、【填空题】Directions: Each of the following paragraphs contains some supporting details. Choose the type(s) of supporting details used in each paragraph. Note: some paragraphs use more than one type of supporting details. A. example; B. classifying and listing; C. comparison and contrast; D. defining; E. quotation; F. reasoning; G. Statistics Paragraph 1:Entrepreneurship is today widely associated with the capitalist system. For example, to the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter, entrepreneurship was central to the process of “creative destruction” that shapes the capitalist system. However, Franklin’s view of entrepreneurs differed markedly from the modern image of a capitalist businessman. Firstly, he saw entrepreneurship as a virtue only when it promoted the public good, via philanthropy, for example. Secondly, he saw an important role for voluntary organizations in order to temper individualism.
A、
3、【填空题】Directions: Each of the following paragraphs contains some supporting details. Choose the type(s) of supporting details used in each paragraph. Note: some paragraphs use more than one type of supporting details. A. example; B. classifying and listing; C. comparison and contrast; D. defining; E. quotation; F. reasoning; G. Statistics Paragraph 2:Few investors show the foresight required to know when a boom is turning to bust. Warren Buffet, a legendary investor, says: “We simply attempt to be fearful when others are greedy and to be greedy only when others are fearful.” Between 1965 and 2013, Buffet’s investment company gave investors a capital gain of more than 900,000 percent.
A、
4、【填空题】Directions: Each of the following paragraphs contains some supporting details. Choose the type(s) of supporting details used in each paragraph. Note: some paragraphs use more than one type of supporting details. A. example; B. classifying and listing; C. comparison and contrast; D. defining; E. quotation; F. reasoning; G. Statistics Paragraph 3:The first of the sins, transience, involves the deterioration of memory, especially of episodic memory (the memory of events), over time. This is due to two factors: we can recall more of a recent event than one in the distant past; and each time we remember the event (retrieve the memory), it is reprocessed in the brain, altering it slightly.
A、
5、【填空题】Directions: Each of the following paragraphs contains some supporting details. Choose the type(s) of supporting details used in each paragraph. Note: some paragraphs use more than one type of supporting details. A. example; B. classifying and listing; C. comparison and contrast; D. defining; E. quotation; F. reasoning; G. Statistics Paragraph 4:We may choose to define adolescence in biological terms. In that case, adolescence begins with the onset of puberty (with sexual maturity and a readiness to reproduce) and ends with the end of physical growth. Or we may adopt a more psychological perspective. This approach emphasizes the development of the cognitions, feelings, and behaviors that characterize adolescence. Additionally, it is also possible to think about adolescence from a social perspective by examining the role of adolescents in society. Such views generally define adolescence in terms of being in-between - not yet an adult, but no longer a child. In this context, the period usually lasts from the early teen years through one's highest level of education, when the individual is thought to enter the adult world.
A、
3.4 Finding a Main Idea (1)
1、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and decide whether there is a topic sentence in each paragraph. Choose the sentence number that stands for the topic sentence if there is one and choose no topic sentence if there is none.1 But today we stand at the threshold of a new era. 2 The information economy has matured and become smarter. 3 According to many business commentators, we are now living in a knowledge economy. 4 There has always been a market for knowledge, of course. 5 The publishing industry is based on it. 6 But today the Internet is making the distribution of knowledge ever easier. 7 The days when the publisher decided what got published are over. 8 Anyone with a PC and a modem can talk to the world. 9 This is reducing the friction in the knowledge economy.
A、1
B、2
C、9
D、No topic sentence
2、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and decide whether there is a topic sentence in each paragraph. Choose the sentence number that stands for the topic sentence if there is one and choose no topic sentence if there is none.1They need to recognize the problem. 2 A downturn in the economy exposes many companies’ lack of commitment to understanding and using their people’s knowledge. 3 When companies feel they’re in a crisis, it is one of the things that goes by the board. 4 Unless, that is, they’ve made it to a routine or suffered because of losing knowledge in the past.
A、1
B、2
C、4
D、No topic sentence
3、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and decide whether there is a topic sentence in each paragraph. Choose the sentence number that stands for the topic sentence if there is one and choose no topic sentence if there is none.1 Most people who travel long distances complain of jet lag. 2 Jet lag makes business travelers less productive and more prone to make mistakes. 3 It is actually caused by disruption of your “body clock” – a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological functions. 4 The body clock is designed for a regular rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it experiences daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone. 5 The symptoms of jet lag often persist for days while the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.
A、1
B、3
C、5
D、No topic sentence
4、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and decide whether there is a topic sentence in each paragraph. Choose the sentence number that stands for the topic sentence if there is one and choose no topic sentence if there is none.1 It is often said that most advertising does not contain very much information. 2 In a way, this is true. 3 Research on the contents of advertising typically finds just a few pieces of concrete information per ad. 4 That’s an average, of course. 5 Some ads obviously contain a great deal of information. 6 Still, a lot of ads are mainly images and pleasant talk, with little in the way of what most people would consider hard information. 7 On the whole, information in advertising comes in tiny bits and pieces.
A、1
B、2
C、7
D、No topic sentence
5、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and decide whether there is a topic sentence in each paragraph. Choose the sentence number that stands for the topic sentence if there is one and choose no topic sentence if there is none.1 Desperate, with her due date fast approaching, Clark decided to apply for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, better known as welfare. 2 But when she went to the local division of Family and Children Services office, a caseworker told her – wrongly –that she couldn’t apply until after the baby was born. 3 “They basically said ‘go get a job, ’ ”says Clark, “I was eight months pregnant”.
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、No topic sentence
3.5 Finding a Main Idea (2)
1、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and choose the statement best expresses the main idea of each paragraph.In Ivory Coast, which is mostly known as a cococa producer, the rice harvest tripled over that time. New hybrid seed lines developed specifically for Africa, such as NERICA and WITA, have boosted yields and enabled farmers to grow rice in dry areas where sorghum was once the dominant crop.
A、Rice has long been popular in some west African countries.
B、Rice production in west Africa jumped.
C、Rice has become a staple in west Africa.
D、Rice consumption has increased a lot.
2、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and choose the statement best expresses the main idea of each paragraph.Start-ups, for example, face the risk of too few customers, and therefore insufficient revenue to cover costs. There is also the risk that a competitor will copy the company’s idea, and perhaps offer a better alternative. When a company has borrowed money from a bank there is a risk that interest rates will rise, and repayments will become too burdensome to afford. Start-ups that rely on overseas trade are also exposed to exchange-rate risk.
A、Start-ups are exposed to risks in all business activity.
B、Start-ups should manage the risks.
C、Start-ups are particularly vulnerable to risks.
D、Risk management is of great importance to start-ups.
3、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and choose the statement best expresses the main idea of each paragraph.As we compare the candidates in the presidential election campaign, we’ve seen Donald J. Trump went out of his way to attack the cast of “Saturday Night Live” for bias. He tweets day and night, but waited two days to offer sympathy to the Ohio State community after an attack there. He does not encourage civil discourse, but chooses to stoke fear and create outrage.
A、Donald J. Trump is not the good choice for Americans.
B、Donald J. Trump is a man with weird personality.
C、Donald J. Trump is brave to give his own views.
D、Donald J. Trump is a courageous man.
4、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and choose the statement best expresses the main idea of each paragraph.Ever since the revolution in 1789, the French have aspired to see their language achieve a sort of universal status, and by the end of the 19th century, with France established as a colonial power second only to Britain and its language accepted as the lingua franca of diplomacy, they seemed to be on their way to reaching their goal. As the 20th century dew on, however, and English continued to encroach, French was driven on to the defensive.
A、The French was proud of their own language.
B、French was a global language.
C、French lost its global status in competition with English.
D、The French was eager to see its language become a global language.
5、【单选题】Directions: Follow the steps mentioned in the video and choose the statement best expresses the main idea of each paragraph.After British people voted to leave the European Union, the fallout has been as swift as it was predictable. At one point on Friday, the pound hit a 30-year low against the dollar, and a leading British stock index had dropped more than 8 percent. The nation’s credit rating is under threat.
A、The Brexit has vast consequences for Brtain, for Europe and for the world.
B、The effect of the Brexit was political and with global implication.
C、The immediate impact of the Brexit was economic.
D、The British people decided to leave the European Union.
Unit Quiz 3
1、【单选题】Direction: Match each topic sentence with a supporting detail.Perhaps，by far the most important far-reaching effect of cultural globalization is the commercialization of culture.
A、Production and consumption of cultural goods and services have become commodities, along with the essentials of social life (marriage, and family life, religion work and leisure), that are the crucibles of cultural creation.
B、What once was an element of their way of life becomes a product, rather than something unique they had made to suit their ownspecific needs and circumstances.
C、For example, by 1997, the MTV television station was available to 280 million households in over 70 countries.
D、Local culture’s role as spontaneous and integral part of people’s life is eroded and it ceases to serve as the means of constructing societal values, reproducing group identity and building social cohesion.
2、【单选题】Direction: Match each topic sentence with a supporting detail.The commercialization of culture has a disturbing impact on people.
A、Local culture’s role as spontaneous and integral part of people’s life is eroded and it ceases to serve as the means of constructing societal values, reproducing group identity and building social cohesion.
B、For example, by 1997, the MTV television station was available to 280 million households in over 70 countries.
C、Production and consumption of cultural goods and services have become commodities, along with the essentials of social life (marriage, and family life, religion work and leisure), that are the crucibles of cultural creation.
D、What once was an element of their way of life becomes a product, rather than something unique they had made to suit their ownspecific needs and circumstances.
3、【单选题】Direction: Match each topic sentence with a supporting detail.Global media is in increasingly in the hands of a few, large, powerful organizations, as is the production of music and film.
A、Local culture’s role as spontaneous and integral part of people’s life is eroded and it ceases to serve as the means of constructing societal values, reproducing group identity and building social cohesion.
B、For example, by 1997, the MTV television station was available to 280 million households in over 70 countries.
C、Production and consumption of cultural goods and services have become commodities, along with the essentials of social life (marriage, and family life, religion work and leisure), that are the crucibles of cultural creation.
D、What once was an element of their way of life becomes a product, rather than something unique they had made to suit their ownspecific needs and circumstances.
4、【单选题】Direction: Match each topic sentence with a supporting detail.It has been observed, globalized cultural industries are taking over traditional forms of creation and dissemination of culture.
A、Local culture’s role as spontaneous and integral part of people’s life is eroded and it ceases to serve as the means of constructing societal values, reproducing group identity and building social cohesion.
B、Production and consumption of cultural goods and services have become commodities, along with the essentials of social life (marriage, and family life, religion work and leisure), that are the crucibles of cultural creation.
C、For example, by 1997, the MTV television station was available to 280 million households in over 70 countries.
D、What once was an element of their way of life becomes a product, rather than something unique they had made to suit their ownspecific needs and circumstances.
5、【单选题】Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions.1 Canadian business guru Professor Henry Mintzberg proposed that management can be broken down into three categories: managing by information, through people, and through action. Many entrepreneurs have difficulty managing through information—they often lack the skills to build the systems and communication networks on which large businesses are built.2 Cyprus-born Stelios HajiIoannou, entrepreneur and founder of easyGroup, is known for rarely staying still. His company launched in 1998 with a low-cost airline, easyJet, and now includes more than 20 “easy” businesses that operate on a similar low-cost model. Haji-Ioannou has shown an aptitude for strategy, and an eye for detail; but he has also been criticized for lacking leadership skills, for micromanaging, and, common to entrepreneurs, for an inability to delegate and let managers manage.3 US professor Larry Greiner identified leadership—the ability of a start-up founder to transition from entrepreneur to leader—as one of the major crises that businesses face as they grow. Greiner suggests that successful growth often requires the employment of professional managers who bring to the business an understanding of the requirements of financial markets, banks, and—most importantly—have the leadership skills needed to manage complex organizations. Entrepreneurs may possess bountiful ideas, but it takes management discipline to turn those ideas into successful ventures, and leadership skills to move the start-up beyond its entrepreneurial roots.4 Start-ups require the spark of entrepreneurship; but growth requires a different set of skills: a founder must transition from being sole decision maker to being a disciplined manager and a successful leader. Those who are unable to make this transition often need to step aside and let the professionals take over. But this is often easier said than done.Question 1: Professor Henry Mintzberg’s idea about management in the first paragraph is introduced to show that .
A、Large businesses are established on systems and communication skills.
B、Many entrepreneurs lack management skills.
C、Managing through information is the most important management skills.
D、Many entrepreneurs are not aware of the management skills.
6、【单选题】Question 2: In the second paragraph, the story about Stelios HajiIoannou is presented to show that .
A、He has established a large group.
B、He is a good example of transforming from an entrepreneur to a leader.
C、An entrepreneur can manage the company through information.
D、A good entrepreneur may not be a good leader.
7、【单选题】Question 3: .What point about professional managers is made in the third paragraph?
A、Professional managers develope from entrepreneurs.
B、Professional managers can generate great ideas for the entrepreneurs.
C、Professional managers are necessary for start-ups.
D、Professional managers are often brought in to help the growth of a start-up.
8、【单选题】Question 4: What can we infer from the text?
A、Entrepreneurs are great leaders.
B、Entrepreneurs are great leaders.
C、It is hard for an entrepreneur to give the management to a professional.
D、Transition from an entrepreneur to a manager is a natural course.
9、【单选题】Question 5: .According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical management skill?
A、Delegate work
B、Know the finances
C、Achieve goals through action
D、Set up a company
10、【单选题】Question 6: What is the main idea of the passage?
A、Management involves managing by information, through people, and through action.
B、Leadership skills are what entrepreneurs lack.
C、To ensure growth, entrepreneurs need to transition into managers.
D、It is difficult for entrepreneurs to rely on professional managers.
Exercise
1、【单选题】Glass, which has been made since the time of Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
2、【单选题】Because of injured or traded players, the team's performance is now lower compared with last year's.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
3、【单选题】The waiter at the restaurant are rude, and the food cost much more than it is worth.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
4、【单选题】Alice’s parents do not know what’s happening to their little girl. She’s changing and they are concerned about her.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
5、【单选题】In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: “The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.” He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
6、【单选题】In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour travelling to work.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
7、【单选题】On September 11, 2001, terrorists destroyed the New York World Trade Center, killing thousands.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
8、【单选题】In the UK, many people suspect that clear-cut sexism has given way to more subtle discrimination.
A、This is a fact.
B、This is not a fact.
C、/
D、/
Exercise
1、【单选题】Thanksgiving is celebrated in autumn.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
2、【单选题】In 1852, the President of the United States, Franklin Pierce, formally offered to buy the island of Cuba.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
3、【单选题】Writer and researcher Rachel Carson will always be remembered as the mother of modern ecology.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
4、【单选题】The attack on the World Trade Center was the worst act of terrorism in human history.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
5、【单选题】Ostriches do not hide their heads in the sand.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
6、【单选题】There is nothing like a glass of iced coffee to satisfy thirst.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
7、【单选题】In the late 1890s, when Coke was first sold, it included a small amount of cocaine, which was then legal.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
8、【单选题】There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport.
A、This is an opinion.
B、This is not an opinion.
C、/
D、/
Exercise
1、【判断题】Nowadays, it has been the best choice to visit those newly-opened shopping malls in the outskirts of the city, where you can not only shop, but also enjoy a great meal at different restaurants.This sentence states an opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】Fast food chains like KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut have set up stores around the city of Guangzhou.This sentence states a fact.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Couples ought to live together before getting married to be sure they are compatible.This sentence states a fact.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】In the third and final stage of iron deficiency, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath --- and exercise performance is severely compromised.This sentence states a fact.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young.This sentence states an opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】Those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age. This sentence states an opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
Exercise
1、【判断题】Scientist Lance J. Miller reasoned that there were probably several related phenomena that, combined, could explain the apparent increase.In this sentence, the author presents someone's opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】In Mississippi, according to one estimate, 87% of commercial fishing vessels were damaged or destroyed. In this sentence, there is a combination of fact and opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Despite the common notion that dolphins enjoy playing in the wakes created by boats, there is plenty of evidence that dolphins actually avoid them.In this sentence, there is a combination of fact and opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】Miller deduced that, with a reduction in the number of boats in the water, both commercial and recreational, dolphins may have been able to spend more time eating, and less time travelling or diving in an effort to avoid boats.In this sentence, the author presents someone's opinion.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】Mathematician Erez Lieberman, from Harvard University in Massachusetts, US, performed a quantitative study of the rate at which English verbs have become more regular with time and found that the more an irregular verb is used, the longer it will remain irregular.In this sentence, the author deals with facts only.
A、正确
B、错误
Unit Quiz 4
1、【单选题】Among the following words, __________ is not a value word.
A、exclusive
B、wonderful
C、rectangular
D、/
2、【单选题】The word/words that make the sentence The evidence for using kites to move large stones in the construction of the pyramids is no better or worse than the evidence for the brute force method an opinion is __________.
A、evidence
B、no better or worse
C、brute
D、/
3、【单选题】The sentence In general, it is plausible to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise is mainly about _______.
A、a fact
B、an opinion
C、a mixture of fact and opinion
D、/
4、【单选题】Catch Me If You Can, 2002. Based on a true story, Frank W. Abagnale was employed as a doctor, a lawyer, and as a co-pilot for a major airline company-all before reaching his 21st birthday. A successful con artist and master of deception, Frank is also a brilliant forger, whose skill at check fraud has netted him millions of dollars in stolen funds--much to the chagrin of the authorities. FBI Agent Carl Hanratty has made it his prime mission to capture him and bring him to justice, however Frank is always one step ahead of Carl, baiting him to continue the chase.This passage contains _____.
A、all facts
B、all opinions
C、a mixture of facts and opinions
D、/
5、【单选题】GRE Prep Plus 2018, by Kaplan Test Prep. Kaplan's GRE Prep Plus 2018 guides you through your GRE prep step by step, with added online practice and video lessons to ensure you're ready for Test Day. Kaplan is so certain that GRE Prep Plus 2018 offers all the knowledge you need to excel at the GRE. We guarantee it: After studying with the online resources and book, you'll score higher on the GRE—or you'll get your money back. Get everything in our GRE Prep 2018 package, plus an additional online practice test, 1,500+ additional practice questions, dozens of timed practice sets for every section of the test, a customizable online Quiz Bank, and video lessons on stress-reduction techniques and study planning tactics that can help you ace the GRE. With GRE Prep Plus 2018 you can study on-the-go. Log in from anywhere to do practice sets and even practice tests that are optimized for your mobile device.This passage contains _____.
A、all facts
B、all opinions
C、a mixture of facts and opinions
D、/
Execises
1、【单选题】 Scan the key components of the following line table, and choose the TRUE description of the diagram.<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/B56E3754B8F095925BE31511DBE5A4AC.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、The chart is about the developmental trend of disposable income of the different social classes。
B、The higher personal disposable income, the more diversified financial assets
C、The cash and deposits decreased in all the groups in 2012.
D、The stock investment increased in 2012.
2、【单选题】Observe the following diagram, and choose the TRUE description of it.<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/385DF3E9C8CCC3DE90DDC014B1A92D01.png?imageView
A、The retail sales value of all the consumer goods in the table decreases from 2010-2015.
B、The retail sales value increases only in some of the consumer goods in 2015.
C、The sales value of the sport and recreational goods has the least increase speed among all.
D、The sport and recreational goods has the least retail sales value among all the consumer goods in 2015
3、【单选题】Observe the following diagram, and choose the TRUE description of it<img style="width: 1px; height: 1px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D6DFBF6E05EDA94603A29037F9FB0CEB.png?imageView height: 718px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/73D2DDFAEC54E530BEE15E273220EEAE.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、The increase in vehicle ownership is caused by the increased urban disposable income.
B、Over the years between 2005-2014 people in Shanxi with middle-level income is more likely to own a motor vehicles compared with the people with the similar income in other area.
C、Over the years between 2005-2014 Zhejiang and Beijing surpass the other areas in both the vehicle ownership and the disposable income.
D、Over the years between 2005-2014, the disposable income in all these areas changes less dramatically than the vehicle ownership.
4、【单选题】Observe the following diagram, and choose the description that is NOT TRUE about it.<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/2853026AB9D8CAE15968F02763CB9035.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、The title here might be a specific question in a survey. So the bar chart shows the statistics of the answers of the respondents
B、The question is about how the respondents evaluate the operation status of the company and the prospect of the company in different regions
C、Most companies in the survey established their business in Europe
D、Asia and Australia are the biggest potential market for the companies involved in the survey
5、【单选题】The following table is about obesity problem in the Middle East region. Observe it closely and choose the description that is TRUE about it<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/936B4688DBD7B8B44E46231711985436.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、Sex difference is not shown in obesity problem in this area
B、The more developed the country is, the more obese population it has
C、The GDP is positively related to the obesity problem.
D、Generally speaking, there is more obese female population in this area .
Exercise：如需完成以下练习，请先行下载前一篇文章
1、【单选题】Which of the following statement about the international students in Australia is NOT mentioned in the text ?
A、The value of Australia dollar influenced its international education market.
B、In recent years the number of the international students in Australia has kept stable despite the fluctuation of currency market.
C、Australia has the highest percentage of international students among all the English-speaking countries.
D、The author believed some colleges ruined the reputation of the Australian education, and led to a weak market in recent years.
2、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the international students in Canada?
A、The visa application becomes easier and attracts more international students.
B、The favorable immigration policy brings more international students.
C、Hostility of the natives scared off the international students.
D、Good chances of winning scholarship from Cadanian universities boost its international education market.
3、【单选题】Which of the following statement is NOT true about the international students in US
A、US has a very low percentage of interntional students.
B、A large number of foreign students have flooded into American because its relaxing visa rules in recent years.
C、US government’s cautious attitude towards immigration explains the limited number of the international students in this country.
D、The author believes that the US government should be more active in taking in more foreign students
4、【单选题】Which of the following statement is NOT true about the international students in UK?
A、The author is criticizing the government’s cautious attitudes towards the international students
B、 The author believes more international students will do good to the host country
C、The author believes that UK's current immigaration policy is encouraging the enrolment of the international students
D、The author believes that it is shortsighted for the UK government not to keep the international students after their graduation.
5、【判断题】The line chart shows the developmental trend of foreign students in the major English-speaking countries between the years 2000-2014.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】Australia has the highest percentage of the international students and has kept the upward trend from 2000 to 2014.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】The percentage of the international students in Australia has fluctuated from 2000 to 2014.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】In Canada, Britain and US, the population of the international students all keeps increasing from 2000 to 2014.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Among the four countries, Australia has the fastest growth of the international students from the year 2010-2014.
A、正确
B、错误
Unit Quiz 5
1、【单选题】1. The following chart shows the obesity problem in the Middle East region. Observe it closely and choose the description that is TRUE about it<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/7E9287404C95C896E8436CD9C4E582D3.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、The chart shows the percentage of the obese population in different countries of the Middle East region.
B、The chart shows the Middle East has different developmental trend with the rest of the world.
C、All countries in the Middle East have the similar change rate.
D、The chart shows people in the Middle East obesity affects well-being of a lot of people.
2、【单选题】Observe the following chart closely and choose the description that is TRUE about it<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/53B66BC7A38AF0358BE31B863B176616.png?imageView
A、Most provinces below the national level are underdeveloped area.
B、A limited number of provinces are above the national level and most are below it, which means a huge regional gap between regions in wealth.
C、GDP of those provinces high above the national level depend heavily on merchandise exports
D、The higher the value of merchandise exports to nominal GDP ratio, the wealthier the region
3、【单选题】Observe the following bar chart closely and choose the description that is TRUE about it<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/A2660625C3D3016BD3B7B2D9FC42B731.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" /><img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/0F26AF8E11A032E5D7FD33E79C570102.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、There is a downward trend of public debt across the country
B、The chart shows the similar pattern of public debt composition across the country.
C、The West has the highest increase rate of public debt.
D、The public debt of the Northeast dropped in recent years.
4、【单选题】Observe the following chart closely and choose the description that is NOT TRUE about it<img style="width: 595px; height: 351px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/0BD5466B6D4C6546949AA0C91C794D58.png?imageView
A、it is a developmental chart, showing how the disposable income of the different social classes will change by the year 2030.
B、It is a contrast chart, showing the comparison of the distribution of different social classes by disposable income.
C、By 2030, the size of lower middle class will be relatively stable.
D、By 2030, the upper middle class and the high class will expand, which means the increased number of the rich people.
5、【单选题】Scan the following bar chart and choose the description that is NOT true about it<img style="width: 711px; height: 555px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/9ABCD2BBFCAE1F50A68B3FDC3817ABEF.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、It is a comparison chart, showing the contrasting numbers of the broadband users in different regions around the world in 2016 and 2017 respectively
B、It is a trend chart, showing the downward development trend of the numbers of the broadband users during the year 2016-2017
C、The title shows the chart is about the users of broadband per 100 people. The penetration here probably means accessibility of it
D、The most striking features of the diagram shows in all the regions concerned, 2017 witnessed an increase in the number of the users. And the gap between the different regions keeps almost the same
6、【判断题】The following diagram is about an investigation of the school performance of immigrant children based PISA scores (Program for International Student Assessment) (Source: The Economists Dec. 10,2016). Read it and decide whether the following description of it is true or not.The immigrant children performed better than the non-immigrants children in Macau, Canada, Australia and Singapore.<img style="width: 1px; height: 1px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/00B5732EF5BE80B5298F8AF039337DC5.png?imageView height: 1029px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/95DEE5E22A5C9146BE6F4DD48A210BB5.png?imageView
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】The following diagram is about an investigation of the school performance of immigrant children based PISA scores (Program for International Student Assessment) (Source: The Economists Dec. 10,2016). Read it and decide whether the following description of it is true or not.There is no significant difference of performance between the immigrant children and non-immigrant ones in US.<img style="width: 1px; height: 1px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/F2EE5DB73C06530D58017933FD21F07F.png?imageView height: 652px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D6951D81CB99D8B19EF91BEA2FE17851.png?imageView
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】The following diagram is about an investigation of the school performance of immigrant children based PISA scores (Program for International Student Assessment) (Source: The Economists Dec. 10,2016). Read it and decide whether the following description of it is true or not.In some of the European countries such as Germany, Denmark, Luxemburg, immigrant children perform much better than the non-immigrant children.<img style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 1px; max-height: 520px; max-width: 520px; vertical-align: top; width: 1px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/F2EE5DB73C06530D58017933FD21F07F.png?imageView background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 520px; max-height: 520px; max-width: 520px; vertical-align: top; width: 514px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D6951D81CB99D8B19EF91BEA2FE17851.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】The following diagram is about an investigation of the school performance of immigrant children based PISA scores (Program for International Student Assessment) (Source: The Economists Dec. 10,2016). Read it and decide whether the following description of it is true or not.The higher percentage of the immigrants against the total population, the better the immigrant children perform in PISA .<img style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 1px; max-height: 520px; max-width: 520px; vertical-align: top; width: 1px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/F2EE5DB73C06530D58017933FD21F07F.png?imageView background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 520px; max-height: 520px; max-width: 520px; vertical-align: top; width: 514px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D6951D81CB99D8B19EF91BEA2FE17851.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】The following diagram is about an investigation of the school performance of immigrant children based PISA scores (Program for International Student Assessment) (Source: The Economists Dec. 10,2016). Read it and decide whether the following description of it is true or not.In most countries in this investigation, the immigrant children perform worse than the non-immigrant children .<img style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 1px; max-height: 520px; max-width: 520px; vertical-align: top; width: 1px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/F2EE5DB73C06530D58017933FD21F07F.png?imageView background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 520px; max-height: 520px; max-width: 520px; vertical-align: top; width: 514px;" src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D6951D81CB99D8B19EF91BEA2FE17851.png?imageView
A、正确
B、错误
6.1 In-Class Practice
1、【单选题】Land which was burned too frequently became overgrown with perennial grasses, which tended to make it difficult to farm with primitive tools. Land cultivated for too long rapidly suffered a deterioration in fertility, while land recently burned was temporarily rich in nutrients (see figure 8.1). (Andrew Goude, The human impact on the natural environment. Basil Blackwell, 1981) How is this generalization supported, by an example, detail, or evidence?
A、example
B、detail
C、evidence
D、/
2、【单选题】The use of fire, however, has not been restricted to primitive peoples in the tropics. Remains of charcoal are found in Neolithic soil profiles in highland Britain; large parts of North America appear to have suffered fires at regular intervals prior to European settlement; and in the case of South America the 'great number of fires' observed by Magellan during the historical passage of the Strait that bears his name resulted in the toponym, 'Tierra del Fuego'. Indeed, says Sternberg (1968: 718): 'for thousands of years, man has been putting the New World to the torch, and making it a land of fire.'(Andrew Goude, The human impact on the natural environment. Basil Blackwell, 1981)How is this generalization supported, by an example, detail, or evidence?
A、example
B、detail
C、evidence
D、/
3、【单选题】One interesting mechanism for getting around this problem is known as silent trade. The objects to beexchanged are set out in a clearing, and the traders retreat out of sight. The other group inspects thewares and lays down what it regards as a fair exchange of its own products. The first group returns and, if satisfied, removes the traded objects. If not, it leaves the wares untouched as a signal that thebalance is not yet even. How is this generalization supported, by an example, detail, or evidence?
A、example
B、detail
C、evidence
D、/
4、【单选题】Given this remarkable utility [fire] it would be surprising if it had not been turned to account. Indeed it is still much used, especially by pastoralists such as the cattle-keepers of Africa (Lemon, 1968), and bythe practitioners of shifting agriculture (plate 2.2). For example, the Malaysian and Indonesian ladangand the milpa system of the Maya in Latin America involved the preparation of land for planting byfelling or deadening forest, letting the debris dry in the hot season, and burning it before thecommencement of the rainy season.(Andrew Goude, The human impact on the natural environment. Basil Blackwell, 1981)How is this generalization supported, by an example, detail, or evidence?
A、example
B、detail
C、evidence
D、/
5、【单选题】The reduction in numbers was still startlingly small. For example, even after the convertibility crisis of1947 had led to a further downward revision of the targets for 31 March 1948, there were still 937,000men in uniform, supported by 350,000 in supplying industries. The nature of contemporary class structures and the facts of exploitation are the object of elaborate ideological manipulation by the ruling classes of all modern industrial states. Both the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, have ruling classes that foster the illusion that they do not exist. The governing elites of both countries claim that the people are the source of all power. Both ruling classes claim to be democratic, and, to a considerable extent, the mass of Soviet and U.S. citizens appear to accept these illusions as accurate accounts of actual conditions in their own but not the other country.How is this generalization supported, by an example, detail, or evidence?
A、example
B、detail
C、evidence
D、/
6、【单选题】Many international students studying at British institutions of further or higher education experienceproblems. Some of these problems will be general to all students, but many will be particular to thosestudents who are non-native speakers of English.How is this generalization supported, by an example, detail, or evidence?
A、example
B、detail
C、evidence
D、/
6.2 In-Class Practice
1、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: Core Curriculum at Brooklyn College needs to be revised.Sentence B: The Core Curriculum takes up too many credits; of the 120 credits required for graduation, over 30 are gobbled up by required Core Studies courses.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
2、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: Core Curriculum at Brooklyn College needs to be revised.Sentence B: The Core Curriculum has received national attention and should not be touched.
A、Contradictory
B、Specific detail
C、Another generalization
D、Irrelevant
3、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: Core Curriculum at Brooklyn College needs to be revised.Sentence B: Students are unhappy about the Core Curriculum and their protests should be listened to.
A、Specific detail
B、Another generalization
C、Contradictory
D、Irrelevant
4、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: Core Curriculum at Brooklyn College needs to be revised.Sentence B: In my Core Studies 6 class, we read Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler, and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre.
A、Specific detail
B、Another generalization
C、Contradictory
D、Irrelevant
5、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: More parking spaces should be provided for students in the Brooklyn College parking lot.Sentence B: Students need more parking spaces than the college now provides.
A、Specific detail
B、Another generalization
C、Contradictory
D、Irrelevant
6、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: More parking spaces should be provided for students in the Brooklyn College parking lot.Sentence B: It is unconscionable that tuition keeps going up in CUNY; many students are being prevented from going to college because of the high cost; tuition should be free again and any high school graduate who applies should be admitted.
A、Specific detail
B、Another generalization
C、Contradictory
D、Irrelevant
7、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: More parking spaces should be provided for students in the Brooklyn College parking lot.Sentence B: The few parking spaces allocated to students fill up quickly, so that students who have later classes have to circle nearby streets looking for spaces; often they are late for class or have to run out of class to put money in a meter.
A、Specific detail
B、Another generalization
C、Contradictory
D、Irrelevant
8、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of sentence B to sentence A?Sentence A: More parking spaces should be provided for students in the Brooklyn College parking lot.Sentence B: Faculty and staff are permanent members of Brooklyn College whereas students come and go; because faculty and staff enable the college to function, all the parking spaces should be reserved for them.
A、Specific detail
B、Another generalization
C、Contradictory
D、Irrelevant
6.3 In-Class Practice
1、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc A person travels through a town for the first time and sees 10 people, all of them children, then he concludes that there are no adult residents in the town. __________.
A、
2、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc I sneezed at the same time the power went off. My sneeze did something to make the power go off. __________.
A、
3、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc Marcus wants to go to a small community college close to home, but most of the kids in his class are applying to larger colleges out of state. Marcus decides that he should also apply to those colleges. _____________.
A、
4、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc There is a proposal that we should require all high school students to participate in some type of community service. I don't know what you think about that, but teachers don't get paid enough for all of the things that we do. ___________________.
A、
5、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc Don't eat that piece of chocolate. Today, it's one piece of chocolate, but tomorrow, you've gained 20 lbs! ____________.
A、
6、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc A baby products commercial that shows dad having a night in with his sons. _________________.
A、
7、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc Guns are like hammers - both are tools that can be used to kill somebody. But it would be ridiculous to outlaw the purchase of hammers; so it would be ridiculous to outlaw the purchase of guns, too. _______________.
A、
8、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc The increasing rate of crime among kids all boils down to too much violence on TV. ____________.
A、
9、【填空题】Which fallacy it is in the following generalization? （答案处请填入对应字母）A. hypothesis contrary to factB. False analogyC. Red HerringD. Dicto simpliciterE. Slippery slopeF. BandwagonG. Hasty generalizationH. ad misericordiamI. Post hoc I do not exist. __________.
A、
Unit Quiz 6
1、【单选题】Fire may assist in seed germination. For example, the abundant germination of dormant seeds on recently burned chaparral sites has been reported by many investigators, and it seems that some seeds of chaparral species require scarification by fire.(Andrew Goude, The human impact on the natural environment. Basil Blackwell, 1981)The above generalization is supported by ________.
A、Example
B、Detail
C、Evidence
D、/
2、【单选题】Several languages have however been quite remarkable in terms of their significance and use over time. Greek had a key role in parts of Eurasia and North Africa from the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) to the fall of Constantinople (1453): almost 1,800 years (and it continues as a primary language of the European Union). Latin was a key language of government, religion, and scholarship from the defeat of Carthage (202 BC) to 1687, when Newton published his first major work, the Principia, in Latin, and 1704, when he published his second major work, Opticks, in English: almost 2,000 years. The above generalization is supported by ________.
A、Example
B、Detail
C、Evidence
D、/
3、【单选题】The issue of language has been hugely important in thinking about ways to address the discrimination and oppression of disabled people. Neil Thompson, a social work academic, writer and former practitioner states, “The language we use either reinforces discrimination through constructing it as normal or contributes in some small way at least to undermining the continuance of a discriminatory discourse” (2007: 39).The above generalization is supported by ________.
A、Example
B、Detail
C、Evidence
D、/
4、【单选题】Though the authorities do not seem to have been aware of the scale and significance of capital flows within the sterling area, they were aware that the exchange controls in that area were not all that London hoped. For example, a major recipient of capital from the UK in this period, Australia, had notoriously leaky controls.The above generalization is supported by ________.
A、Example
B、Detail
C、Evidence
D、/
5、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Hollywood movies generally present a negative picture of the American Indian.Sentence B: Cold-blooded and ruthless, Indians surround a wagon train and slaughter everyone.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
6、【单选题】What's the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Hollywood movies generally present a negative picture of the American Indian.Sentence B: The Trail of Tears is a sad episode in American history.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
7、【单选题】What's the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Hollywood movies generally present a negative picture of the American Indian.Sentence B: Many Americans distrust the American Indian because of Westerns.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
8、【单选题】What's the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Hollywood movies generally present a negative picture of the American Indian.Sentence B:There is no question that movies present the American Indian as a victim of the white man’s greed and racism.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
9、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Choosing text books for public school systems involves many considerations.Sentence B: How hard can it be to choose textbooks? They all say the same thing, basically.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
10、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Choosing text books for public school systems involves many considerations.Sentence B: Textbooks must be factually accurate, have intellectual merit, and be politically correct.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
11、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Choosing text books for public school systems involves many considerations.Sentence B: The process for choosing text books for public schools is demanding and complex.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
12、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Choosing text books for public school systems involves many considerations.Sentence B: My English class does not have a handbook.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
13、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: It was easy to tell the experienced workers from the inexperienced ones by their clothing.Sentence B: Farm work is very difficult physically and unpredictable financially.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
14、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: It was easy to tell the experienced
workers from the inexperienced ones by their clothing.Sentence B: You could tell the veterans from the rookies by the way they dressed.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
15、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: It was easy to tell the experienced
workers from the inexperienced ones by their clothing.Sentence B: All the applicants for jobs as farm hands looked alike, down to the shoes they wore.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
16、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: It was easy to tell the experienced
workers from the inexperienced ones by their clothing.Sentence B: The knowledgeable ones covered their heads with scarves to keep the dust out of their hair.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
17、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Cats make better pets than dogs do for most people, because of their busy schedules. Sentence B: Cats are neither friendly nor fun to play with.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
18、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Cats make better pets than dogs do for most people, because of their busy schedules. Sentence B: Cats don’t have to be walked, and they can be left alone for much longer, even for a weekend.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
19、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Cats make better pets than dogs do for most people, because of their busy schedules. Sentence B: Given the pressures of our society, most people choose cats, rather than dogs, as pets.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
20、【单选题】What’s the discourse function of Sentence B to Sentence A?Sentence A: Cats make better pets than dogs do for most people, because of their busy schedules. Sentence B: Parrots make wonderful pets too.
A、specific detail
B、another generalization
C、contradictory
D、irrelevant
Exercises
1、【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the self-monitoring strategy？
A、Readers do self-monitoring to make sure they understand the text right
B、Self-monitoring can help you find out what the problems are for your reading
C、You may start self-monitoring without knowing it
D、Self-monitoring strategies are not necessary at all.
2、【单选题】The following are the frequently-used monitoring strategies EXCEPT
A、To question ourselves frequently to check understanding.
B、To check if we can summarize the writer’s point of view by far.
C、To recite the whole text.
D、To make use of our prior knowledge to facilitate the reading comprehension.
3、【单选题】Monitoring in reading may NOT help
A、identify our points of confusion.
B、improve our pronunciation.
C、make prediction of what might come thereafter.
D、 associate our own experience with the reading.
4、【单选题】The following items are what we need to monitor EXCEPT
A、our reading speed
B、our prior knowledge
C、 the points in the previous parts
D、 the misspelling
5、【单选题】The following questions may help us in monitoring EXCEPT____.
A、Should I read one more time
B、What have I already learned in the previous paragraphs
C、What caused my problems in reading?
D、 What should I do for recreation when I finish my reading tasks?
随堂练习与上文相关，请提前下载并阅读。
1、【单选题】The following strategies may help you guess the meaning of an unknown word, EXCEPT_____.
A、ignoring the word
B、using the contextual clues.
C、finding an substitute word.
D、 breaking the complicated words into smaller ones.
2、【单选题】The word “dramatic ” in the sentence The changes in China’s Pearl River delta, however, are more dramatic than these natural fluctuations (Para 1) might mean
A、unstable, unpredictable like drama.
B、very interesting and engaging like drama.
C、very unnatural like drama.
D、reflecting the reality like drama.
3、【单选题】The word “breakneck” in the sentence “the airport itself will be built at a similarly breakneck pace” (Para 2) might mean
A、 easy to break, fragile because it is related to something about the neck.
B、deadly or dangerous because it describes something that might break neck.
C、decorative, or beautiful because it describes something around the neck.
D、 sharp because it can break the neck.
4、【单选题】The phrase “to engineer around these problems” (Para 4) might mean
A、To tackle them indirectly
B、To put them under other people’s charge
C、To ignore them
D、To break down them and find out solutions
5、【单选题】The word “even ”in The settlement is rarely even (Para 11) might mean
A、moving fast.
B、moving slowly .
C、moving at the different levels .
D、moving at the same level.
随堂练习与上文相关，请先行下载并阅读
1、【单选题】 Which of the following statements is TRUE about the case of“ placing a textbook on a wet sponge” in the article?
A、A mental image of it can form in our mind to help us to understand
B、It arouses our common sense to help understand the text
C、It is a scientific experiment about the wet sponge that might be used in land filling
D、It is used to explain the process of reclaiming the land
2、【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT true about structure pattern?
A、The structure pattern can help readers understand how the argument is developed.
B、The structure pattern can help predict what might come thereafter.
C、The structure pattern can help understand the function and relationship of each paragraph.
D、The structure pattern can help identify personal information of the writer.
3、【多选题】Paragraph 1-3 mentions two different cases of airports on waters: successful Hongkong case and failed Japan Case. So the paragraphes after them are likely to mention____
A、more difference between the two cases.
B、some analysis as for why one case is successful and another is a failure
C、a third way of building airports on waters.
D、comments on the political systems of two areas
4、【多选题】Compare the following two sentences: To cope with settlement, Kansai’s giant terminal is supported on 900 pillars” in Para.6 and “more aggressive approach…sucked up 150m cubic metres of clay and mud and dumped it in deeper waters” in Para.8.Which of the following statements sound reasonable as for the two sentences?
A、Verbs in these two paragraphs like "supported" in Para.6 and "sucked up" and "dumped" in Para. 8 indicate that the detailed description of contruction appoaches are mentioned in these two paragraphes.
B、Reasons are expected in the surrounding context as for why two approaches are used.
C、"a more aggressive approach" in Para.8 indicates that this approach is more difficult and risky so more explanations are expected to be given as for the safety of the contruction.
D、Verbs in these two paragraphs like "supported" in Para.6 and "sucked up" and "dumped" in Para. 8 help to form mental image of the construction process.
5、【多选题】Which of the following statement is TRUE about the functions of Para.5 and Para.7?
A、They provide reasons for two different approach of construction.
B、They provide further supporting details of construction.
C、They make preparations for detailed descriptions of construction approaches.
D、They mention somre follow-up measures of reinforement after the construction.
Unit Quiz 7
1、【单选题】When the article is difficult, the understading of the purpose of the article would help fix up comprehension. So what purpose dose this article most probably serve?
A、To give an instruction
B、To propose a policy.
C、To tell a story.
D、To sell something
2、【单选题】To identify potential readers can also help fix up comprehension when reading difficult passages. So who are the most possible target reader of this passage?
A、University students.
B、Beauty Saloon customers.
C、Parents of young children
D、retail dealers
3、【单选题】Focus on the main ideas when reading are impeded by difficult words and abstract ideas. Which of the following sentence best summarize the main idea of the passage?
A、The passage explains mainly how the tides generate power.
B、There is great potentiality and feasibility of UK developing tidal power,
C、UK takes a lead in tidal energy development.
D、There are still a lot of problem for developing tidal power.
4、【单选题】Use your prior knowledge to guess the meaning of words .“Cavitation” in “cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles” might mean ___ in Chinese.
A、潮汐
B、水涡
C、气涡
D、洋流
5、【单选题】In the following sentence “Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships' propellers”， wind turbines and ships' propellers are mentioned to
A、arouse the reader's prior knowledge and create mental image for better understanding of the abstract idea.
B、show the author is expert in this field.
C、show the advantage of tidal power,
D、arouse the reader's interest in reading the article.
6、【单选题】Topic sentence in each paragraph or a heading can help understand how the ideas are organized . Here the summary headings of Para.1 and Para.7 are given . Please formulate approriate headings for Para. 2-6. For this question, please choose the best headings for Paragraph 3Para. 1 Tidal power's future important rolePara. 2 ___________________________Para.3 __________________________Para. 4 __________________________Para. 5 _________________________Para. 6 _________________________Para. 7 Technology difficulty
A、Example showing feasibility
B、Advance in the tide-related technology development in UK
C、Mechanism and prospect of tidal power
D、Tidal sites in UK
7、【单选题】Topic sentence in each paragraph or a heading can help understand how the ideas are organized . Here the summary headings of Para.1 and Para.7 are given . Please formulate approriate headings for Para. 2-6. For this question, please choose the best headings for Paragraph 2Para. 1 Tidal power's future important rolePara. 2 ___________________________Para.3 __________________________Para. 4 __________________________Para. 5 _________________________Para. 6 _________________________Para. 7 Technology difficulty
A、Example showing feasibility
B、Advance in the tide-related technology development in UK
C、Mechanism and prospect of tidal power
D、Tidal sites in UK
8、【单选题】Topic sentence in each paragraph or a heading can help understand how the ideas are organized . Here the summary headings of Para.1 and Para.7 are given . Please formulate approriate headings for Para. 2-6. For this question, please choose the best headings for Paragraph 4.Para. 1 Tidal power's future important rolePara. 2 ___________________________Para.3 __________________________Para. 4 __________________________Para. 5 _________________________Para. 6 _________________________Para. 7 Technology difficulty
A、Example showing feasibility
B、Advance in the tide-related technology development in UK
C、Advantages of Tidal power and solution to some potential problems.
D、Tidal sites in UK
9、【单选题】Topic sentence in each paragraph or a heading can help understand how the ideas are organized . Here the summary headings of Para.1 and Para.7 are given . Please formulate approriate headings for Para. 2-6. For this question, please choose the best headings for Paragraph 5.Para. 1 Tidal power's future important rolePara. 2 ___________________________Para.3 __________________________Para. 4 __________________________Para. 5 _________________________Para. 6 _________________________Para. 7 Technology difficulty
A、Example showing feasibility
B、Advance in the tide-related technology development in UK
C、Advantages of Tidal power and solution to some potential problems.
D、Tidal sites in UK
10、【单选题】Topic sentence in each paragraph or a heading can help understand how the ideas are organized . Here the summary headings of Para.1 and Para.7 are given . Please formulate approriate headings for Para. 2-6. For this question, please choose the best headings for Paragraph 6Para. 1 Tidal power's future important rolePara. 2 ___________________________Para.3 __________________________Para. 4 __________________________Para. 5 _________________________Para. 6 _________________________Para. 7 Technology difficulty
A、Example showing feasibility
B、Advance in the tide-related technology development in UK
C、Advantages of Tidal power and solution to some potential problems.
D、Tidal sites in UK
Exercise: An Explanation Text_The Battle Against Malaria
1、【单选题】What is the topic explained by the author?
A、International organizations working on malaria
B、Fighting against malaria
C、Death caused by malaria
D、The causes of malaria
2、【单选题】The author of this passage gives an overview of the essay in the Introduction, revealing to readers what will come next in the Body. Check the underlined sentences in the text and decide: which of them do you think does the job (providing an overview)?
A、[1] It is a leading cause of death in many countries.
B、[2] Even though the causes of malaria in this region are well understood, international health agencies are finding that controlling it is still an enormous and difficult task.
C、[3] These parasites quickly multiply inside the human and cause the individual to feel sick.
D、[4] In the malaria cycle, humans get parasites from mosquitoes and they also give parasites to mosquitoes.
3、【多选题】In giving a detailed explanation, how many types of text structure does the author employ: description, sequence, cause-and-effect, or comparison-and-contrast?
A、description
B、sequence
C、cause-and-effect
D、compare-and-contrast
4、【判断题】The introduction part of the passage contains a definition.
A、正确
B、错误
Exercise: An Argument Text_The Other Population Crisis
1、【单选题】As with many academic writings, the author of this argument text gives an overview of the essay in the Introduction, revealing to readers what will come next in the Body. Which of the following sentences do you think does the job?
A、[1] Our species is inexorably wrecking Earth: flooding valleys, cutting down forests and destroying the habitats of animals and plants faster than scientists can classify them. Our future is destined to be nasty, brutish, and cramped.
B、[2] While accepting that populations will continue to rise, they point out that this rise will not be nearly as steep or as long-lasting as was once feared.
C、[3] As evidence, statisticians point to a simple, stark fact: people are having fewer and fewer children.
D、[4] Why has the rise in world populations started to die out so dramatically? And what will be the consequences of this decline?
2、【多选题】In advancing his or her argument, how many types of text structure does the author employ: description, sequence, cause-and-effect, or compare-and-contrast?
A、description
B、sequence
C、cause-and-effect
D、compare-and-contrast
3、【判断题】The Introduction gives the opinion of the author, i.e. the thesis of the argument essay.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】The Introduction part contains a definition, explaining an important technical word to the reader.
A、正确
B、错误
Exercise: A Discussion Text_Hyperpolyglots
1、【单选题】Which of the underlined sentences from the Introduction part (Paragraphs A-D) provides an overview of the whole passage?
A、[1] In 1996, Dick Hudson, a professor of linguistics at University College London posted an email to a list serve for language scientists asking if anyone knew s who held the world record for the number of languages they could speak.
B、[2] In his posting, he coined the term 'hyperpolyglot', which he defined as someone who speaks six languages or more.
C、[3] Language is known to be part of humans' unique cognitive endowment, and scientists have long studied how language abilities can be impaired by disease or trauma.
D、[4] Do these people possess extraordinary brains, or are they ordinary folk with ordinary brains who do something extraordinary through motivation and effort?
2、【单选题】Which of the four sentences from the Introduction part serves as a definition, explaining any important technical words to the reader?
A、[1] In 1996, Dick Hudson, a professor of linguistics at University College London posted an email to a list serve for language scientists asking if anyone knew s who held the world record for the number of languages they could speak.
B、[2] In his posting, he coined the term 'hyperpolyglot', which he defined as someone who speaks six languages or more.
C、[3] Language is known to be part of humans' unique cognitive endowment, and scientists have long studied how language abilities can be impaired by disease or trauma.
D、[4] Do these people possess extraordinary brains, or are they ordinary folk with ordinary brains who do something extraordinary through motivation and effort?
3、【单选题】Read Paragraphs G, H and F. Identify the main text structure developed in these three paragraphs.
A、Description
B、Compare-and-contrast
C、Problem-and-solution
D、Cause-and-Effect
4、【判断题】The author does not state in the article his or her view on the issue under discussion--namely, whether a hyperpolyglot is the product of a exceptional brain or hard work.
A、正确
B、错误
Unit Quiz 8
1、【判断题】Explanation, discussion, presentation are the three major text types we encounter in our academic study.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】There are mainly five ways of organising ideas: description, sequence, compare-contrast, problem-solution, and cause-effect.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】It is possible for the author of an explanation text to employ both compare-contrast structure and cause-effect structure in his or her writing.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】In a discussion text, the author always has to take position on the issue he or she is addressing.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】While an argument text often gives the author’s opinion at the beginning of the text, a discussion text often does that at the end.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】At the end of an introduction, a preview of the text is often provided by the author. This preview serves as a map for both the content and then structure of the essay.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】If the author mainly aims to persuade the reader to agree with him or her, he or she is probably going to write a discussion text.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】If the author wants to present opinions on both the positive and negative side of a certain issue, he or she is probably going to write an explanation text.
A、正确
B、错误
9.1 General Introduction
1、【单选题】Connection between ideas in a text refers to the way that sentences or clauses are linked or together to make a central idea.
A、referred
B、tied
C、contrasted
D、compared
2、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and decide what connections is formed among the sentences.1 It is the language of globalization — of international business, politics and diplomacy. 2 It is the language of computers and the Internet. 3 You'll see it on posters in Côte d'Ivoire, you'll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo, you'll read it in official documents in Phnom Penh. 4Deutsche Welle broadcasts in it. 5French business schools teach in it. 6 It is the medium of expression in cabinet meetings in Bolivia. 7 Truly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way. 8 It is now the global language.In this paragraph, Sentence 1 Sentence 2. Sentences 3,4，5 and 6 serve as to illustrate Sentences 1 and 2 Sentence 7 comments on the situations mentioned in the previous sentences and Sentence 8 the whole idea of the paragraph.
A、summarizes, examples, clarifies
B、contrasts, comparison, summarizes
C、clarifies, examples, summarizes
D、clarifies, listings, adds to
3、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and decide what connections is formed among the sentences.Clark patched things together with food stamps and $256 a month in child support. But after nine months, Gabby’s father stopped paying just long enough for Clark to get evicted. She went back to the welfare office, where caseworkers turned her away, saying – falsely again – that because she’d been getting child support she was ineligible for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.The sentences in this paragraph follow a time describing what happens to Clark.
A、addition
B、listing
C、comparison
D、sequence
4、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and decide what connections is formed among the sentences.A Gaining an edge often depends on one of two things: being first into a new market niche, or being different from the competition. B For example, in 1995 eBay was first into the online auction market, and has dominated it ever since. C Similarly, Volvo was first to identify the opportunity for luxury bus sales in India, and has enjoyed healthy sales. D In contrast, Facebook was by no means the first social network, but it is the most successful; its edge was having a better product. E Once a company is established, the challenge shifts: the objective now is to maintain sales and grow in the short- and long-term.In this paragraph, Sentences B, C, D are to explain the idea in Sentence A. Sentences B and C are to show eBay and Volvo are both the first into a new market niche. Sentence D with Sentences B and C to show that Facebook instead gains an edge by being different from the competition. Sentence E is a transitional sentence indicating the idea in the next paragraph.
A、contrasted, compared, summarizes
B、examples, compared, contrasts
C、clarification, listed, compares
D、examples, lsited, contrasts
5、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and decide what connections is formed among the sentences.The idea of competitive advantage takes hold as Japanese companies begin to outsell US and European rivals. This is later attributed to superior management.The two sentences form a. relationship.
A、comparison
B、clarification
C、cause-and-effect
D、addition
9.2 Identifying Connection between Ideas (1)
1、【单选题】What type of connection is implied by the phrase regardless of?
A、comparison
B、concession
C、summary
D、emphasis
2、【单选题】What type of connection is implied by the word simultaneously?
A、summary
B、comparison
C、sequence
D、addition
3、【单选题】What type of connection is implied by the phrase as an illustration?
A、emphasis
B、summary
C、exmaple
D、addition
4、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and identify the repeated words and super/subordinate relationship words. The first example has been given. And then choose a main idea statement of the paragraph based on the repeated words.To achieve competitive advantage, a company cannot focus on one activity alone, but needs to consider each of the activities in the chain. For example, Mercedes Benz pursues a differentiation strategy, first through producing a high-end product, but also through providing outstanding after-sales service. Analyzing the value chain can also help companies to identify what areas of their business might be suitable for outsourcing, which can help the company to achieve a cost advantage.Example:Repeated words: advantage Super/subordinate words: company -- Mercedes BenzQuestion 1: Repeated words that imply the main idea: advantage: , , .
A、competitive, activity, strategy
B、activity, company, chain
C、outsourcing, service, purchasing
D、product, identify, activity
5、【单选题】Question 2: Find out words that form a super/subordinate relationship with the given words.Example: company -- Mercedes Benz (Mercedes Bens is the subordinate word of the word company)1. Activity: , 2. competitive advantage:
A、purchasing a high-end product, providing outstanding after-sales services, cost advantage
B、differentiation strategy, analyzing the value chain, outsourcing
C、differentiation strategy, purchasing a high-end product, cost advantage
D、focus on one activity, differentiation strategy, outsourcing
6、【单选题】Question 3: .Choose the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
A、Analyzing the value chain can also help companies to identify the key business areas.
B、To achieve the competitive edge, companies need to review their activities in the value chain.
C、Companies like Mercedes Benz pursue a differentiation strategy.
D、/
9.3 Identifying Connection between Ideas (2)
1、【单选题】The key idea in a sentence is often expressed in the .
A、main clause
B、attributive clause
C、object clause
D、adverbial clause
2、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and analyze the structure of the underlined sentence. A 2007 report from the American Association of University Women sounded the alarm about a continuing wage gap that is evident even in the first year after college graduation. The authors noted, however, that individual choices with respect to college major, occupation, and parenthood have a strong impact on the gap. Accepting the idea that much of the pay gap can be accounted for by such neutral factors as experience and training, they concluded that, in the first year after college graduation, about 5 percent of the pay gap is unexplained by such factors – and it is that 5 percent that represents the impact of discrimination.Question 1: What grammatical structure is used to expressed the following idea?Much of the pay gap can be accounted for by such neutral factors as experience and training
A、Main clause + object clause （主句+宾语从句）
B、Adverbial （状语）
C、Appositive clause （同位语从句）
D、/
3、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and analyze the structure of the underlined sentence. A 2007 report from the American Association of University Women sounded the alarm about a continuing wage gap that is evident even in the first year after college graduation. The authors noted, however, that individual choices with respect to college major, occupation, and parenthood have a strong impact on the gap. Accepting the idea that much of the pay gap can be accounted for by such neutral factors as experience and training, they concluded that, in the first year after college graduation, about 5 percent of the pay gap is unexplained by such factors – and it is that 5 percent that represents the impact of discrimination.Question 2: What role does the man clause (They conclude that 5 percent of the pay gap is unexplained by such factors and this 5 percent represents the impact of discrimination.) play?
A、Setting the condition for the key idea
B、Expressing the key idea
C、clarifying a point
D、/
4、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and figure out what the underlined pronouns refer to. Goffman’s concept of “impression management” is important in this context because it highlights the various ways people try to present a version of selfhood to others that is as favorable as possible: they adopt different strategies to avoid being stigmatized. These include “concealment” through use of “covers,” such as prosthetic limbs in the case of people who feel ashamed of having lost a limb.This is in direct contrast to “disclosure,” which involves a person openly acknowledging the discrediting feature(s) of their identity. Where these strategies fail or are simply not feasible, the possessor of a stigma is liable to seek out social types who they believe will act sympathetically toward them.Question 1: what does this refer to?
A、strategies to avoid being stigmatized
B、strategies of disclosure
C、context
D、concealment
5、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and figure out what the underlined pronouns refer to. Goffman’s concept of “impression management” is important in this context because it highlights the various ways people try to present a version of selfhood to others that is as favorable as possible: they adopt different strategies to avoid being stigmatized. These include “concealment” through use of “covers,” such as prosthetic limbs in the case of people who feel ashamed of having lost a limb.This is in direct contrast to “disclosure,” which involves a person openly acknowledging the discrediting feature(s) of their identity. Where these strategies fail or are simply not feasible, the possessor of a stigma is liable to seek out social types who they believe will act sympathetically toward them.Question 2: What does the pronoun they refer to?
A、people who feel ashamed of having lost a limb
B、other people
C、people openly acknowledging the discrediting feature(s)
D、the possessors of a stigma
6、【单选题】Directions: Read the paragraph and figure out what the underlined pronouns refer to. Goffman’s concept of “impression management” is important in this context because it highlights the various ways people try to present a version of selfhood to others that is as favorable as possible: they adopt different strategies to avoid being stigmatized. These include “concealment” through use of “covers,” such as prosthetic limbs in the case of people who feel ashamed of having lost a limb. This is in direct contrast to “disclosure,” which involves a person openly acknowledging the discrediting feature(s) of their identity. Where these strategies fail or are simply not feasible, the possessor of a stigma is liable to seek out social types who they believe will act sympathetically toward them.Question 3: What does the pronoun these refer to?
A、strategies to avoid being stigmatized
B、strategies of disclosure
C、the discrediting feature(s)
D、the previous paragraph
9.4 Practical Use
1、【单选题】Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions by using the linguistic and semantic clues of the text.Gun control remains a hot issue in the US, with powerful lobbies such as the National Rifle Association (NRA)—campaigning against any restrictions on gun ownership at all. Those against gun control appear to have the upper hand, with most states allowing people to own firearms. Still, there are very few states where gun ownership is entirely unregulated, and there are arguments over whether, for instance, people should be allowed to carry concealed guns. The high level of gun crime in the US, and the increasing frequency of mass murders—such as the cinema killings in Aurora, Colorado in July 2012—have led many to question whether unrestricted ownership of firearms is appropriate in a nation that is no longer a frontier state.Question 1: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
A、Gun control remains a hot issue in the US.
B、Those against gun control appear to have the upper hand.
C、Gun control is considered inappropriate in today’s America.
D、Gun crime and incidents mass murders are the main reason of gun control.
2、【单选题】Question 2: What does the word “lobbies” mean?
A、Campaigns against something
B、Pressure groups who try to persuade the government to do something
C、Reasons to persuade the government to do something
D、Influences to be used to act against something
3、【单选题】Which statement is NOT true about gun control?
A、Most states regulate gun ownership.
B、Many believe that gun ownership should be restricted in the present context.
C、Most states allow people to own guns.
D、Many believe people should be allowed to carry concealed guns.
4、【填空题】What is the synonym of “unregulated” in the text?
A、
Unit Quiz 9
1、【单选题】Directions： Read the following passage and answer the questions.We might complain about routine and familiarity, but research shows that human beings have an innate need for some degree of stability. Without rules, norms, values, and expectations, people begin to feel anxious, rootless, and confused. This is termed “anomie,” and it is the reason that humans often self-organize into groups. The routine and familiarity of belonging to a group helps people to avoid anomie, and find security and purpose.The existence of groups serves two purposes. Organizations, and the groups within them, can be seen as an expression of the human desire to belong. As psychologist Abraham Maslow identified in his 1943 paper “A Theory of Human Motivation”, groups give us a sense of belonging. Maslow believed that there is a hierarchy of human needs; once we have met the most basic of needs—the physiological ones, such as hunger and thirst, we progress to the next: security. When these needs are satisfied, we move to the third basic need: a sense of belonging. Once this is met, we will proceed toward increasing self-esteem through achievement, and ultimately toward self-actualization, by using our inner talents with creativity.When Maslow’s theory is applied to the workplace, working in groups and gaining a sense of belonging make employees more effective. With the need to belong already addressed, individuals are able to focus on other things, such as a desire for achievement and the practicing of inner talents. In this way, the movement through the stages of satisfying needs can benefit a company. Free from anomie, groups are places where human beings, and therefore ideas, can flourish. Teams that are carefully chosen and supervised will increase an individual’s security and encourage collaborative, creative, work—as US management expert Ken Blanchard said, “none of us is as smart as all of us.” In turn, commitment toward a project creates ties that strengthen the bond between individuals and, ultimately, the company’s communal purpose.Great organizations recognize the value of teams and the importance of the working environment. Cisco Systems, the Internet infrastructure company, has created what it calls the “Connected Workplace”, which offers employees great flexibility in working practice and environment, while ensuring that they always feel part of the Cisco community.Business success is rarely achieved through individual genius, and the greatest leaders are those who recognize the value of maximizing talent through teams.Question 1: .Which of the following is a proper title for the passage?
A、A Sense of Belonging
B、The Value of Teams
C、The Value of Teams
D、Working in Groups
2、【单选题】Question 2: What does the word “anomie” mean in the first paragraph?
A、A sense of belonging
B、A state of lack of norms and rules
C、Feelings of anxiety and confusion
D、A need for stability
3、【单选题】Question 3: Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs?
A、security, physiological needs, a sense of belongings, self-esteem, self-actualization
B、a sense of belongings, physiological needs, security, self-actualization, self-esteem
C、physiological needs, security, a sense of belongings, self-esteem, self-actualization
D、physiological needs, security, a sense of belongings, self-actualization, self-esteem
4、【单选题】Question 4: Which sentence best states the main idea of the passage?
A、The greatest leaders are those who recognize the value of maximizing talent through teams.
B、Great organizations recognize the value of teams and the importance of the working environment.
C、Human beings have an innate need for some degree of stability.
D、Organizations, and the groups within them, can be seen as an expression of the human desire to belong.
5、【多选题】Question 5: According to the third paragraph, apart from a sense of belongings, what stages of satisfying needs are addressed through working in groups?
A、Security
B、Self-esteem
C、Self-actualization
D、Physiological needs
6、【填空题】Directions: Reorganize the following sentences into a paragraph. Pay special attention to the transitional words, lexical cohesion, pronouns that link the ideas. Fill in the blank with the capital letter of each sentence in order. A. So it is hard to argue that women’s lower earnings are simply a result of women putting in fewer hours per week, or even fewer years than men.B. Women working 41 to 44 hours per week earn 84.6% of what men working similar hours earn; women working more than 60 hours per week earn only 78.3% of what men in the same time category earn.C. Women are more likely than men to work part-time.D. A close look at the earnings of women and men who work 40 hours or more per week reveals that the wage gap may actually widen as the number of hours worked increases.E. Furthermore, women may work longer to receive the promotions that provide access to higher pay.F. However, most gender wage comparisons leave out part-time worker and focus only on full-time, year-round workers.G. For example, among school principals, women have an average of 3 years longer as teachers than men do.
A、
学术英语阅读
1、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思：People of almost any status in life can be seen in public wearing jeans, sandals, or other informal a#ti#e.
A、position
B、clothes
C、status
D、activity
2、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思：In some cultures, for example, people are taught that men and women should live in their separate social worlds, with some activities clearly in the men's d#m#in and others clearly in the women's.
A、living place
B、power
C、identity
D、social world
3、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思：So how did an extremely common Australian TV star get to be an omn#pr#s#n# icon of style and beauty? Wherever you turn, you see her presence.
A、present everywhere
B、very common
C、television
D、lifestyle
4、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思: Strictly, a c#nt#g#ous disease is one transmitted by physical contact, whereas an infectious one is transmitted via microorganisms in the air or water. In practice, there is little or no difference in meaning between the two.
A、that can be cured
B、that has something to do with one's physical condition
C、that can be transmitted through contact
D、that has something to do with air or water
5、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思: Many different people find that online learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that #in#e# some students in expressing themselves.
A、stop
B、encourage
C、hide
D、find
6、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思: M#nd#n# matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. What appeals to her is are things more extraordinary, more transcendent and more spiritual.
A、spiritual
B、shopping
C、uninteresting
D、extraordinary
7、【单选题】推断划线部分在上下文中应有的意思: Americans admire people who have overcome a#v#r#e circumstances (for example, poverty or a physical handicap) and succeeded in life.
A、favourable
B、friendly
C、undesirable
D、successful
8、【判断题】判断主题或细节：The underlilned sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph. These two habits of thinking about causes have consequences. Literally hundreds of studies show that pessimists give up more easily and get depressed more often. These experiments also show that optimists do much better in school and college, at work and on the playing field. They regularly exceed the predictions of aptitude tests. When optimists run for office, they are more apt to be elected than pessimists are. Their health is unusually good. They age well, much freer than most of us from the usual physical ills of middle age. Evidence suggests they may even live longer.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】判断主题或细节：The underlilned sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph.A pessimistic attitude may seem so deeply rooted as to be permanent. I have found, however, that pessimism is escapable. Pessimists can in fact learn to be optimists, and not through mindless devices like whistling a happy tune or mouthing platitudes (Every day, in every way, I'm getting better and better:'), but by learning a new set of cognitive skills. Far from being the creations of boosters or of the popular media, these skills were discovered in the laboratories and clinics of leading psychologists and psychiatrists and then rigorously validated.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】判断主题或细节：The underlilned sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph.Our economy is rapidly changing from a money economy to a satisfaction economy. These trends go up and down (when jobs are scarcer, personal satisfaction has a somewhat lesser weight; when jobs are abundant, personal satisfaction counts for more), but the trend for two decades is decidedly in favor of personal satisfaction. Law is now the most hihly paid profession in America, having surpassed medicine during the 1990s. Yet the major New York law firms now spend more on retention than on recruitment , as their young associates - and even partners are leaving law in droves for work that makes them happier. The lure of a lifetime of great riches at the end of several years ·of grueling 80-hour weeks as a lowly associate has lost much of its power. The newly-minted coin of this realm is life satisfaction. Millions of Americans are staring at their jobs and asking, Does my work have to be this unsatisfying? What can I do about it? My answer is that your work can be much more satisfying than it is now, and that by using your signature strengths at work more often, you should be able to recraft your job to make it so.
A、正确
B、错误
11、【判断题】判断主题或细节：The underlilned sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph.When a new oduct flops in the marketplace or a new recruit turn out to be a poor worker, blaming somebody for the mistake seems a bit rude. So people talk politel around the blunder, saying things like 'sales targets wer missed' or 'mista s occurred', as if the error happened all by itself. Indeed, at many companies, blame is never even mentioned; at other organisations, people are all too quick to point fingers leaving employees more concerned about avoiding blame than about achieving results. Such organisations have given blame a bad name.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】判断主题或细节：The underlined sentence is a detailed information.Baseball managers spend most of their time and energy managing things that go wrong. Thus, baseball provides an excellent microcosm in which to study blame because mistakes and failures are a routine part of every game. In a typical game, managers, coaches and players can easily make more than 100 bad decisions - and still end up winning. Even very successful pitchers average more than two bad pitches per batter and if a batter bats well 40% of the time but badly the other 60% he is having a miraculous season. Thus, if managers and coaches got upset about every mistake, they would go mad by the end of the season.
A、正确
B、错误
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