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Recognizing the purpose in writing
1、【填空题】The following verbs are often used to indicate the purpose of a piece of writing. In terms of purpose, academic writing can be categorized into two distinct types: persuasive and informative writing. Decide whether each verb suggests a persuasive or informative purpose. The verb describe suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
2、【填空题】The verb analyze suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
3、【填空题】The verb compare suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
4、【填空题】The verb evaluate suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
5、【填空题】The verb argue suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
6、【填空题】The verb inform suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
7、【填空题】The verb discuss suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
8、【填空题】The verb explain suggests a ________ purpose.
A、
Identifying literature gaps
1、【填空题】Mobile phone sensing is a relatively new topic that requires further academic research. Below are extracts from several academic articles discussing mobile phone sensing. Read the extracts and write down the number of the sentence or sentences that indicate the literature gaps identified by the authors that require further research. (答案写句子编号，若有多个选择，编号间空格)TEXT 1.An important aspect of MCS [mobile crowdsensing] applications is that they potentially collect sensitive sensor data pertaining to individuals. 2.For example, GPS sensor readings can be utilized to infer private information about the individual, such as the routes they take during their daily commutes, home, and work locations[9]. 3.On the other hand, these GPS sensor measurements (from daily commutes) shared within a larger community can be used to obtain traffic congestion levels in a given city[4]. 4.Thus, it is important to preserve the security and privacy of an individual, but at the same time enable MCS applications. 5.It is also necessary to ensure that an individual’s sensor data is not revealed to untrustworthy third parties. 6.A problem that arises from the opt-in nature of crowdsensing applications is when malicious individuals contribute erroneous sensor data (e.g. falsified GPS readings), maintaining the integrity of sensor data collected is an important problem.Source: Ganti, R. K., Ye, F. Lei, H. (2011). Mobile crowdsensing: Current state and future challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49 (11): 32-39.
A、
Understanding the main idea
1、【填空题】The main idea is often presented at the beginning of a lecture or presentation and restated at the end. Watch Video 1 and identify the main idea and key points of the lecture. Main idea: Americans lack 1. _______ in the 2. _______ Reason 1: lack of 3. _______ and a decline in 4. _______ standardsReason 2: severe 5. _______ pressure Reason 3: an increase in 6. ______________
A、
2、【填空题】_______
A、
3、【填空题】_______
A、
4、【填空题】_______
A、
5、【填空题】_______
A、
6、【填空题】_______
A、
Achieving focus in academic writing
1、【填空题】In academic contexts, the new and more important information is usually put at the end of a sentence. Compare the two sentences in each group and analyze which one is better at presenting the new information. (答案填写大写字母)A. Communication consists of transmitting information from one person to another usually via language. B. Transmitting information from one person to another usually via language comprises communication.
A、
2、【填空题】A. Awareness of health inequalities and their causes by doctors can help to target those in need of such services, improve access and ensure equity in delivery of health services.B. Targeting those in need of such services, improving access and ensuring equity in delivery of health services can benefit from awareness of health inequalities and their causes by doctors.
A、
3、【填空题】A. The ‘knowledge economy’ reflects the dominance of dynamic ‘knowledge’ sectors such as finance, computers and software, telecommunications, biotechnology and the communications industries.B. The dominance of dynamic ‘knowledge’ sectors such as finance, computers and software, telecommunications, biotechnology and the communications industries are reflected in the ‘knowledge economy’.
A、
Self-assessment
1、【单选题】Which of the following verbs suggests a persuasive purpose?
A、Compare.
B、Evaluate.
C、Discuss.
D、All of the above.
2、【单选题】Which of the following serves as a good thesis statement?
A、The effect of the Internet on society.
B、The American automobile industry has many problems.
C、More people are attending community colleges.
D、Recycling programs, though expensive at first, are ultimately an efficient, cost effective, and environmentally sound means of reducing waste in our environment.
3、【单选题】 The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such things as foreign.According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of ________.
A、an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies
B、shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies
C、 the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.
D、increased efforts of other countries in public relations
4、【单选题】London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ________.
A、British companies are more ambitious than U.S. companies
B、British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companies
C、British companies are heavily involved in planning activities
D、four of the world’s top public relations agencies are British-owned
5、【单选题】The word “provincial” (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.
A、limited in outlook
B、like people from the provinces
C、rigid in thinking
D、 interested in world financial affairs
6、【单选题】We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ________.
A、speak at least one foreign language fluently
B、are ignorant about world geography
C、are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts
D、enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications
7、【单选题】What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?
A、American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.
B、The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies.
C、People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.
D、People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.
8、【单选题】New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A、Critical.
B、Prejudiced.
C、Indifferent.
D、Positive.
9、【单选题】With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople ________.
A、have to get familiar with modern technology
B、are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C、 are attaching more importance to their overseas business
D、are eager to work overseas
10、【单选题】In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means ________.
A、being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B、being totally out of touch with business at home
C、missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D、leaving all care and worry behind
11、【单选题】According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
A、Connections with businesses overseas.
B、Ability to speak the client’s language.
C、Technical know-how.
D、Business experience.
12、【单选题】The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can ________.
A、better control the whole negotiation process
B、easily find new approaches to meet market needs
C、fast-forward their proposals to headquarters
D、easily make friends with businesspeople abroad
13、【判断题】Most pieces of writing have a thesis, even if it isn't explicitly stated.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】 A scientific hypothesis is stated at the beginning of a scientific paper and should be answered by the conclusion.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【填空题】In English sentences the new information is usually introduced at the _______ (beginning/end) of sentences.
A、
Detecting mechanisms showing causal relations
1、【填空题】A complete causal relation consists of three parts: cause, signal word and effect. Analyze the following cause and effect statement and answer the question.1. Which part in the following statement is the signal word? A) El Niño events can B) cause far-reaching C) global disruption in the general circulation of the Pacific Ocean and atmosphere.
A、
2、【填空题】2. Which part in the following statement is the effect? A) Lack of natural resources is B) one of the results of large C) ecological footprints.
A、
3、【填空题】3. Which part in the following statement is the signal word?The A) torrential flood has B) devastated many C) villages.
A、
4、【填空题】4. Which part in the following statement is the cause?A) Ray Tomlinson, widely credited as the B) creator of C) email, has died, his employer, Raytheon, told CNN on Sunday.
A、
5、【填空题】5. Which part in the following statement is the signal word? Still, A) Apple’s profits B) obscured the C) fact that its share of the market was falling, despite the technological superiority of its products.
A、
Reading for explicit causal relations
1、【单选题】The strength of causal connections between two phenomena differs with the modals (e.g. may) or adverbs (possibly) they co-occur. Here are some sentences from the passage. Compare the following words in bold italicized type and decide which one has the greatest causal strength (in other words, the most likely to happen)? 1. When these activities cause problems, they A) can result in significant financial loss and B) possibly even have macro-economic effects in fragile situations.2. Software engineering is a difficult task and errors C) may occur due to any number of causes.3. Computer software and hardware is responsible for making decisions which D) affect people’s lives.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
Listening for WHAT
1、【填空题】Here is a talk about the new technology IoT (the Internet of Things). The speaker Benson Hougland starts his talk by explaining What is the Internet of Things. Watch Video 1. Fill in the rough notes on the Internet of Things below. ①. _______________ <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/63925141167A0F8D5F975FFE226CA3FE.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
2、【填空题】②. _______________ <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/DEB8B84BA9C41876DB91B0C40750C980.png?imageView
A、
3、【填空题】③.__________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/1921A24E008AE7135EC1B26D8DC27E11.png?imageView
A、
4、【填空题】④.__________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/A8C2497F2A1D6971A1367F0CA15C0E2E.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
Listening for supporting details
1、【填空题】Watch Video 3 to find out details of the project ‘Green Horizon’. Fill in the following blanks.1) .___________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D15211E6151AE8D4B9C63A91F6CB23D9.png?imageView font-family: Times New Roman, serif;" />
A、
2、【填空题】Watch Video 3 to find out details of the project ‘Green Horizon’. Fill in the following blanks.2) .___________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/8B1F8DE1C9C272B240B28A839110B47D.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
3、【填空题】Watch Video 3 to find out details of the project ‘Green Horizon’. Fill in the following blanks.3) .___________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/85D4A7D771925F55D1D96D81270D5606.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
4、【填空题】Watch Video 3 to find out details of the project ‘Green Horizon’. Fill in the following blanks.4) .___________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/DA916F75756817D938D04D7FFE49E56C.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
5、【填空题】Watch Video 3 to find out details of the project ‘Green Horizon’. Fill in the following blanks.5) .___________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/B748FF2E382CA714FF71A66142EF5B8F.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
6、【填空题】Watch Video 3 to find out details of the project ‘Green Horizon’. Fill in the following blanks.6) .___________________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/451B6B5E1F10F331EBBB07FC6BEE7EB0.png?imageView
A、
Identifying cause and effect
1、【判断题】Read the following two sentences and identify the cause and effect. A. In the past, it was a common belief that sitting too close to a TV set could hurt your eyes.B. Many parents in the 1950s and 1960s told their children to move back from the TV set.Sentence A is the effect.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】Read the following two sentences and identify the cause and effect. A. Daily exercise strengthens the heart.B. Many people who exercise daily have healthy hearts.Sentence A is the effect.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Read the following two sentences and identify the cause and effect. A. The number of Korean women in the workplace is increasing.B. Korean women are gaining more financial independence. Sentence B is the cause.
A、正确
B、错误
Cause and effect signal words
1、【多选题】Which of the following signal words are transitions for CAUSE?
A、due to
B、accordingly
C、owing to
D、consequently
2、【多选题】Which of the following signal words are transitions for EFFECT?
A、give rise
B、induce
C、bring about
D、on account of
Writing a cause and effect paragraph
Self-assessment
1、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT a criterion for identifying cause and effect?
A、Temporal precedence
B、Co-variation of cause and effect
C、Relevance of events
D、No plausible alternative explanations
2、【单选题】Which part in the following sentence is the cause-effect signal word, “The torrential flood devastated many villages just in one day.”?
A、the torrential flood
B、devastated
C、many villages
D、just in one day
3、【单选题】Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impact has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book, The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it’s that the authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes—and more importantly predicts—how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy (对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视).In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?
A、It transforms human history.
B、It facilitates daily communication.
C、It is adopted by all humanity
D、It revolutionizes people's thinking
4、【单选题】How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?
A、They are immeasurable.
B、They are unpredictable.
C、They are worldwide.
D、They are contaminating.
5、【单选题】In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?
A、It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.
B、It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.
C、It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.
D、It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.
6、【单选题】What will the future be like when everybody gets online?
A、People will have equal access to information.
B、People don’t have to travel to see the world.
C、People will be living in two different realities.
D、People don’t have to communicate face to face.
7、【单选题】What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?
A、They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.
B、They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.
C、They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.
D、 They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.
8、【单选题】Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It's the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心): rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人).Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds. It's not the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there're plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there's no one to invest in them.Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?
A、It leads the world in information technology.
B、It is the biggest technology hub in the US.
C、Its fame in high technology is incomparable.
D、Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.
9、【单选题】What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?
A、Lack of incentive for investment.
B、Lack of the right kind of talents.
C、Lack of government support.
D、Lack of famous universities.
10、【单选题】In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?
A、 It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.
B、 Its science departments are not nearly as good.
C、Its location is not as attractive to rich people.
D、It does not pay much attention to business startups.
11、【单选题】What does the author imply about Boston?
A、It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.
B、It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.
C、It has pleasant weather all year round.
D、It produces wealth as well as high-tech.
12、【单选题】What does the author say about startup investors?
A、They are especially wise in making investments.
B、They can do more than providing money.
C、They have good connections in the government.
D、They are rich enough to invest in nerds.
13、【判断题】In a cause-effect essay, the body paragraphs usually elaborate the several reasons why the thesis is true.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【判断题】The two main ways a cause and effect essay can be organized are block structure and point-by-point structure.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【判断题】The two types of causal relations are explicit and direct causal relations.
A、正确
B、错误
Understanding what an analysis is
1、【判断题】Analysis usually implies at least two elements: a breakdown of something into parts, and a discussion or description of those parts using a point of view or a framework. Read each of the following prompts and determine whether it involves analysis. If yes, click true; if no, click false.Read large volumes of data, then find out trends and produce a result.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】Give examples of problem solving at work.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Search for information about inflation.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】Work out a written report on the effectiveness of a particular event such as a political campaign.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】Discover a more efficient and productive way to complete a particular job task.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】Describe a graph showing changes in consumer price index.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Create a set of steps to implement a process that could have an effective outcome.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Identify a problem and then create a repair to make it avoid becoming a major problem.
A、正确
B、错误
Methods used to develop an analytical paragraph
1、【填空题】A. classification B. compare and contrastC. process analysisD. cause and effect E. problem and solution 1. To pick the best restaurant for that romantic night out, a number of questions must be considered. First the type of people your wife and yourself are is an essential factor. Are you casual, fun-loving persons who love to play, or do you crave private, romantic interludes, pearls and tuxedoes? Secondly, the choice of a restaurant depends on...
A、
2、【填空题】A. classification B. compare and contrastC. process analysisD. cause and effect E. problem and solution 2. In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities.
A、
Take notes and complete the table
1、【填空题】 Consumer behavior 1Consumer behavior 2Consumer behavior 3Millennials asconsumers1 _______as likely to talk about brand or product over social media,2________as likely to blog about it.4________as an important tool to make a purchase decision.5________as likely to to reference peer review on products before buying them.A generation of researchers. More than 6________ more likely to make price comparison.Companies In the past:Taking a 7______ approach Today:Taking a 8______ approach3 companies connect with consumers on ________/Not charge premium__________
A、
2、【填空题】___________
A、
3、【填空题】__________
A、
4、【填空题】__________
A、
5、【填空题】__________
A、
6、【填空题】__________
A、
7、【填空题】__________
A、
8、【填空题】__________
A、
How the speaker starts the presentation
1、【多选题】Watch Video 2, and pay attention to how the speaker starts the presentation. Choose the two strategies used at the beginning of the video.
A、Using a powerful quote
B、Starting with an imagined scenario
C、Asking a rhetorical question
D、Stating shocking statistics
Identify evidence
1、【填空题】Watch Video 2 and identify the speaker’s assertion, evidence and significance. Determine which three sentences from the following table are used as evidence1. Five stages of consumer decision making process2. 64% of women and 40% of men in the in the U.S. shop because it improved their moods.3. “We have about 23 minutes of shopping before our logic is exhausted and we start making decisions emotionally.”4. “Emotions can be two to three times as influential to a purchase, even a big one!”5. “Sometimes you don't actually have to buy anything to get that feel-good boost, or what they call ‘hedonic elevation’”.Assertion: We make purchase decisions based on feelings and experiences rather than facts.Evidence: _____________ (填写格式1-2-3)Significance: If we understand the psychology behind shopping, we can make rational decisions.
A、
Strength of assertions
1、【填空题】Read the examples of assertions in the table, judge their strength and write down a number between 1 and 3 in the boxes to indicate how strong the assertion is (1= the weakest; 2 = the middle; 3 = the strongest). AssertionsStrength of assertion1This may be the case where there has been a separation order, a decree nisi for divorce, a non-molestation order, or a separation agreement between the parties. 2This might be the case with provocation, for example, there might be objections to some of the distinctions now drawn by the law. 3It may well be the case that there is variation within one of these categories._________________________(按如下格式书写答案：1-2-3)
A、
Writing an analytical paragraph
Self-assessment 3
1、【单选题】When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television;Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.31. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ________.
A、bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers
B、shrinking of the pottery industry
C、restructuring of large enterprises
D、economic recession in Great Britain
2、【单选题】Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?
A、Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.
B、People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.
C、Family members need more time to relax.
D、Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.
3、【单选题】It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________.
A、a retailer of stainless steel tableware
B、a dealer in stoneware
C、a pottery chain store
D、a producer of fine china
4、【单选题】The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________.
A、the increased value of the pound
B、the economic recession in Asia
C、the change in people’s way of life
D、the fierce competition at home and abroad
5、【单选题】Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life ________.
A、are still a must on certain occasions
B、are bound to return sooner or later
C、are still being taught by parents at home
D、can help improve personal relationships
6、【单选题】Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“ While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.31. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.
A、all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
B、the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving
C、consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim
D、few products actually prove to be environment friendly
7、【单选题】As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.
A、are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy
B、are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling
C、are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment
D、still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment
8、【单选题】A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ________.
A、find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards
B、inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy
C、examine claims made by products against ISO standards
D、revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization
9、【单选题】What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?
A、They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.
B、Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.
C、They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.
D、Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need.
10、【单选题】It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ________.
A、make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
B、see all household products meet environmental standards
C、warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
D、verify the efforts of non-polluting products
11、【判断题】Analytical writing doesn’t involve any descriptive writing.
A、正确
B、错误
12、【判断题】In academic writing, strong modals should always be used to show credibility.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【填空题】In this unit, we have learned three types of analysis: process analysis, rhetorical analysis and _____________ analysis.
A、
14、【填空题】Fill in the blank with one of the words given below. Change the form where necessary.incentiveprerequisiteentitleparallelexternalamplifychronicconfrontmortalgrossYou will be ________ to your pension when you reach 65.
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15、【填空题】Fill in the blank with one of the words given below. Change the form where necessary.incentiveprerequisiteentitleparallelexternalamplifychronicconfrontmortalgross __________ from lung cancer is still increasing.
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Discussing in an effective way
1、【多选题】Decide which of the following statements or questions are good topics to discuss.
A、What are the most efficient energy-saving measures of air-conditioning systems in public places?
B、Nuclear fission reactors should be deployed and used to generate electricity from nuclear fuel for civilian purposes.
C、Solar power provides an alternative to conventional energy resources.
D、America’s anti-pollution efforts should focus on privately owned hybrid cars.
2、【判断题】Judge whether the following statements about discussion are true or false.1. Discussion is a process of interactive communication of reasons concerning a debatable issue.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】2. A discussion essay is a written debate on a debatable topic.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】3. To discuss opinions on others’ work, you need to evaluate arguments, weigh evidence, develop a set of standards, and then draw your own conclusion.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】4. It is always necessary for the writer to choose which stance he/she takes at the end of a discussion essay.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】5. The discussion section of research paper is where the author most effectively demonstrates his/her ability to think critically about an issue.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】The discussion section of a research paper is where the author develops creative solutions to problems based on a logical synthesis of the findings, and formulates a deeper understanding of the research problem under investigation.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】7. In the discussion section, it is always necessary for the author to explain how the study has furthered the reader’s understanding of the research problem posed at the end of the introduction.
A、正确
B、错误
Identifying the claims and the structure in discussion
1、【单选题】 Read Text 2 and locate the paragraph in which the author expresses his opinion on this topic. Which statement (a-d) best describes the writer’s stance?
A、a. Paragraphs ❷ and ❸. The technological perspective and the market perspective should be integrated to explain the uneven development of the global wind energy industry.
B、b. Paragraph ❶. The uneven growth of the wind energy industry in different parts of the world cannot easily be explained.
C、c. Paragraph ❺. Technological, economic and political factors can all explain the uneven development of the global wind energy industry.
D、d. Paragraph ❺. The development of the wind energy industry in different countries has been heavily influenced by the efforts of environmental groups.
Taking notes of a discussion
1、【填空题】In Video 1, Keith Dancey expressed his favorable opinion on nuclear power, while Tony Juniper expressed his negative opinion on renewable energy. A student who watched the video took rough notes on this part. Watch the video carefully and complete the notes. Pay attention to how Tony Juniper disagreed with his counterpart. <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/B67DD3ECAE3367451ECE9C7DDDEEE4B4.PNG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />1. ____________
A、
2、【填空题】2. ______________
A、
3、【填空题】3.___________
A、
4、【填空题】4. ________________
A、
5、【填空题】5._____________
A、
6、【填空题】6._____________
A、
7、【填空题】7.___________
A、
8、【填空题】8.____________
A、
complete the collocations
1、【填空题】 Match the parts of collocations in Column Awith their endings in Column B by filling the blanks with words or phrases from Column B. Column AColumn B1gatherdetail2playdata3challenge/proposeevidence4go intoa study/research5providea conclusion6drawa theory7carry outargument8perfect/cleara central role9powerful/mighty the sources10acknowledgeillustration1. gather _________
A、
2、【填空题】2. play ______________
A、
3、【填空题】3. challenge/propose ______________
A、
4、【填空题】4. go into______________
A、
5、【填空题】5. provide______________
A、
6、【填空题】6. draw ______________
A、
7、【填空题】7. carry out______________
A、
8、【填空题】8. perfect/clear_____________
A、
9、【填空题】9. powerful/mighty ______________
A、
10、【填空题】10. acknowledge ____________
A、
Choose the appropriate collocation
1、【多选题】 Judge the list pairs of collocations, choose the more appropriate collocations.
A、completely sophisticated
B、highly sophisticated
C、utterly interesting
D、utterly fascinating
2、【多选题】Judge the list pairs of collocations, choose the more appropriate collocations.
A、powerful computer
B、strong computer
C、interested of
D、interested in
3、【多选题】Judge the list pairs of collocations, choose the more appropriate collocations.
A、aware in
B、aware of
C、a rush of anger
D、a surge of anger
4、【多选题】Judge the list pairs of collocations, choose the more appropriate collocations.
A、burst into tears
B、touch on an issue
C、fall into categories
D、touch in an issue
Self-assessment 4
1、【单选题】Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur Von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,” He says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share—despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care. As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?
A、It is a kind of iced water.
B、It is just plain tap water.
C、It is a kind of bottled water.
D、It is a kind of mineral water
2、【单选题】By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water” (Line 3 Para. 2), Von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that ________.
A、plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking
B、bottled water is clearly superior to tap water
C、bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste
D、dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste
3、【单选题】The “fancier brands” (Line 3 Para. 5) refers to ________.
A、tap water from the Thames River
B、famous wines not sold in ordinary stores
C、PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani
D、expensive bottled water with impressive names
4、【单选题】Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?
A、Bottled water brings in huge profits.
B、Competition from the wine industry is intense.
C、Most diners find bottled water affordable.
D、Bottled water satisfied diners’ desire to fashionable.
5、【单选题】According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?
A、It is much cheaper than wine.
B、It is considered healthier.
C、It appeals to more cultivated people.
D、It is more widely promoted in the market.
6、【单选题】Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla’s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn’t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.” The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels. It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house ________.
A、is well worth the money spent on its construction
B、is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation
C、failed to meet energy conservation standards
D、was designed and constructed in a scientific way
7、【单选题】What made the Ouchidas’ new house a horrible dream?
A、Lack of fresh air.
B、Poor quality of building materials.
C、Gas leakage in the kitchen.
D、The newly painted walls.
8、【单选题】The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.
A、relieve
B、accelerate
C、worsen
D、improve
9、【单选题】Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?
A、Because indoor cleanliness was not emphasized.
B、Because energy used to be inexpensive.
C、Because environmental protection was given top priority.
D、Because they were technically unavoidable
10、【单选题】This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “________”.
A、Energy Conservation
B、Houses Building Crisis
C、Air Pollution Indoors
D、Traps in Building Construction
11、【多选题】What are the basic components of an argument?
A、Reasons
B、Evidence
C、Claim
D、Counterclaim
12、【多选题】That ______ is true about exemplification.
A、it is also called illustration
B、it is a method the writer uses examples to support a point
C、it only includes facts and statistics
D、it provides solid support and strong evidence to prove the writer's statement
13、【多选题】What are the criteria to evaluate evidence?
A、Sufficiency
B、Credibility
C、Accuracy
D、Relevance
14、【判断题】It is always necessary for the author to decide which stance to take in a discussion essay.
A、正确
B、错误
15、【填空题】Fill in the blank with one of the words given below. Change the form where necessary.marginaldiversify projectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuate Millions of years ago, changes in the Earth's climate caused animal and plant life to__________.
A、
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