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Defining in an effective way
1、【填空题】A formal definition consists of three elements: term, class and differentia. Analyse the following definitions, and decide what element the underlined part is in each definition.A university is a high-level educational institution in which students study fordegrees and academic research is done. The underlined part is (a)_______________________.
A、
2、【填空题】Materials science is the branch of science that deals with the structure,properties, and processing of materials, especially with regard to their potentialusefulness. The underlined part is (a)_______________________.
A、
3、【填空题】Astronomy is a branch of scientific study primarily concerned with celestialobjects inside and outside of the earth’s atmosphere. The underlined part is (a)_______________________.
A、
4、【填空题】A library is a building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, andsometimes films and recorded music for use or borrowing by the public or themembers of an institution. The underlined part is (a)_______________________.
A、
Deciding when to define
1、【判断题】Decide whether you need to include definitions in your speaking or writing.when a term is unfamiliar but key to audience understanding
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】when a commonly used word or phrase is given a different meaning in your work
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】when a term will help expand upon a point in your writing or speaking
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】when there might be confusion over a thing or a concept if you do not make it clear
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】when you want your readers or audience to have a new way of understanding a term
A、正确
B、错误
Reading definitions of a thing
1、【填空题】As part of a course on education, you have been given the essay title The advantages of E-learning. You have to first of all find out the meaning of E-learning. Which of the following aspects of E-learning do you think you should know about? A. What is the full form of E-learning? B. What are the various definitions of E-learning? (since it can be defined from different perspectives by different professionals)C. How is E-learning realized?D. Who need E-learning?E. What are the differentiating characteristics of E-learning? F. What are the applications of E-learning?
A、
2、【填空题】Read the disordered extract from a book on E-learning to check whether you can get the information you need about E-learning. Restore the disordered definitions of E-learning to its original form. What Is E-Learning?❶ It is a Web-based, personalized learning experience and provides measurable results (Rich 2001).❷ E-learning, which is short for electronic learning, is defined broadly by Web technology professionals as education and training delivered by an instructor or self-paced from a curriculum database stored on the enterprise local area network (Berry 2000). ❸ The broadest definition refers to any distance-learning mode other than a correspondence course with printed material (Mantyla 2001). ❹ It refers to anything delivered, enabled, or mediated by electronic technology for the explicit purpose of learning (Hicks 2000). ❺ E-learning applications include self-study, instructor-led, Web-based training, knowledge-management, and performance support (Broadbent 2000). ❻ It offers the possibility of learning from information delivered to us electronically (Honey 2001). ❼ The clearest definition is found in the book E-learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age, where the author says e-learning refers to the use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance. ❽ Solutions are networked, which means instant updating, retrieval, distribution, and delivery to computer users at standard Internet technology (Rosenberg 2001, 28–29).Luther Tai. (2007). Corporate E-Learning: An Inside View of IBM's Solutions. Oxford: Oxford Scholarship OnlineYour answer to this question should be given in such form as 3-2-5-...
A、
Reading definitions of a concept
1、【填空题】You have been given an essay with the title Knowledge is better acquired by implicit learning. “Implicit learning” is one of the many concepts in the field of education, and usually it goes along with the term “explicit learning”. Decide which of the two following statements about the essay question is more accurate? A. Implicit learning help learners acquire knowledge more effectively. B. Learner should acquire knowledge through implicit learning.
A、
Identifying the definition of a theory
1、【单选题】From a philosophical viewpoint of education, “constructivism” may refer to __________.
A、how learners create fine and innovative art
B、how learners construct knowledge for themselves
C、how learners work on public festivals and street designs
D、how learners use mental models to understand the world around them
Preparing for video lectures
1、【单选题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/8CF030B530F4CAF8768537DD65FA6FC1.JPG?imageViewLook at the above screenshots of two videos, and finish the following questions.1. What subject area might two videos cover?
A、sports
B、art
C、education
D、philosophy
2、【填空题】2. _________________ might be the key word of two videos?
A、
Completing information 1
1、【填空题】With the help of your notes of video 1, complete the information by putting appropriate words in each gap.Write down your answers in numeric sequence. <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/B2C3600F279E4B404917888784936DCD.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
2、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/9C610EF474406946F444DB3F72B0089A.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
3、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/517FF452B17631B6B92E5EFE6701B311.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
4、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/FBE996AD59EB3CAD82106BEA5FBD065D.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
5、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/841500256F0D55C77A7146422905124C.JPG?imageView
A、
Completing information 2
1、【填空题】With the help of your notes of video 2, complete the information by putting appropriate words in each gap.Write down your answers in numeric sequence.<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/583E38BA53A20DE3459A3D25DE679C79.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
2、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/7437453B30DF7E0205A9B05B9D6102E9.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
3、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/9FB738AD4ED333C9876CF9FD4A497740.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
4、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/86C85491389E78DDB1F8BA732EE647C5.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
5、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/850F5A3926B93C7ED866B06A579522D2.JPG?imageView
A、
6、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/F80ABA0C8592433360FAC7DBB73C0B8C.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
7、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/BEF29E1C351621466BC635D91935B092.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
8、【填空题】<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/DBB5204294726F17509B73A12A71FBA3.JPG?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
Formal vs. naming definitions
1、【多选题】Study the following four definitions and decide which are formal definitions.
A、Anthropology may be defined as a branch of both science and sociology in which people, society and culture are studied.
B、Physics is a branch of science in which forces such as heat, light, sound, pressure, gravity and electricity, and the way that they affect objects, are studied.
C、The scientific study of language, especially language form, language meaning, and language in context can be defined as linguistics.
D、Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
Extending a definition
1、【单选题】Study the following definition of psychology, and identify the techniques the author uses to extend the definition.Psychology may be defined as the science that studies the behavior of man and other animals. For this definition to be useful, it is necessary to specify more clearly what psychologists mean by behavior. An idea of the meaning of behavior can be gained if the topics covered by psychology are examined: the behaving organism, growth and development, motivation and emotion, perception, learning and thinking, individuality and personality, conflict, adjustment and mental health, and social aspects of psychology. The behaving organism is important because as a science rooted in biology, psychology is interested in the bodily processes that make activity possible ...SOURCE: BuzanT. {1971). Speed reading. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.(You can also find the text on pate 019 in the textbook.)
A、analogies
B、comparisons
C、extra information
D、examples
Nouns: -ness, -tion forms
1、【填空题】Academic writers frequently discuss abstract concepts, events, and actions, and often use noun phrases to express such ideas clearly and concisely. In the following pairs of sentences, the first one is from academic articles and the second one is a paraphrase of that sentence. Fill in the blanks by changing the corresponding verbs or adjectives in the second one. It occurs without the ① to learn and largely without of the nature of what has been learned.It is not that learning happens when the learners intend to learn or are aware of the nature of what has been learned.
A、
2、【填空题】It occurs without the to learn and largely without ② of the nature of what has been learned. It is not that learning happens when the learners intend to learn or are aware of the nature of what has been learned.
A、
3、【填空题】However, ③ of web-based in higher education is still encountered by challenges. However, it is still challenging to adopt web-based learning and apply it in various ways in higher education.
A、
4、【填空题】However, of web-based ④ in higher education is still encountered by challenges. However, it is still challenging to adopt web-based learning and apply it in various ways in higher education.
A、
5、【填空题】Research by Savery Duffy (1995) suggests that learning how to use constructivist theories involves many ⑤ between the content, the context, the activity of the learner, and the goals of the learner. Research by Savery Duffy (1995) suggests that the content, the context, the activity of the learner, and the goals of the learner should interact with each other in learning how to use constructivist.
A、
Turning verbs/adjectives to nouns
1、【填空题】Add either -ness or -tion to the following verbs or adjectives from the Academic Word List to make nouns.①investigate ②interact ③unique ④evaluate ⑤acquire.
A、
2、【填空题】①investigate ②interact ③unique ④evaluate ⑤acquire.
A、
3、【填空题】①investigate ②interact ③unique ④evaluate ⑤acquire.
A、
4、【填空题】①investigate ②interact ③unique ④evaluate ⑤acquire.
A、
5、【填空题】①investigate ②interact ③unique ④evaluate ⑤acquire.
A、
Nouns: -ing form
1、【填空题】Words like learning, presenting, eating, fishing, and drinking can all be used as gerunds which are nouns formed with a verb ending in -ing. Underline the appropriate form of verbs in italics below, either the base form or the -ing form. Decide whether the correct -ing form is used as in the different sentences as verbs, nouns or adjectives.Advances of mobile technology facilitates moving from traditional _____________ (learn/learning) which was limited with time and space to learning embedded into our everyday environment.
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2、【填空题】However, our current ______________ (understand/understanding) is mostly related to its technological characteristics (Sarrab et al., 2016) or motivational factors that influence educators’ use of m-learning (Sad Goktas, 2014), with merely a handful of studies examining learners’ motivational factors.
A、
3、【填空题】_________________ (Ignore/Ignoring) the role of context and individuals is therefore deficient.
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4、【填空题】These discrepancies cause cognitive tension _______________ (require/requiring) adjustment to reduce the discrepancies.
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5、【填空题】The focus of _____________ (exist/existing) literature is mainly on formal learning (Looi et al., 2016) in which virtual learning platforms are used on mobile devices (see for example Wang, Wu, Wang, 2009; Liu et al., 2010).
A、
6、【填空题】There are certain books that most people agree are worth _______________ (read/reading) and others that are purposefully forgotten.
A、
Identifying different parts in expanded phrases
1、【填空题】Write down head noun,post-modifier, pre-modifier, determiner for corresponding parts in the following expanded noun phrase.①the ②core ③ideas ④of constructivist learning theory
A、
2、【填空题】①the ②core ③ideas ④of constructivist learning theory
A、
3、【填空题】①the ②core ③ideas ④of constructivist learning theory
A、
4、【填空题】①the ②core ③ideas ④of constructivist learning theory
A、
Writing an extended definition essay
Self-assessment
1、【单选题】The scientific study of language, especially language form, language meaning, and language in context can be defined as linguistics. What type of definition is this?
A、a formal definition
B、a naming definitio
C、an extended definition
D、a theory definition
2、【单选题】Psychology may be defined as the science that studies the behavior of man and other animals.In this definition, ‘the science’ is ____________.
A、the term
B、the class
C、the differentia
D、the prepositional phrase
3、【单选题】An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections are scheduled on a regular cycle and usually involve both major and many small parties. In this definition, the italicized sentence serves as ____________.
A、narrative material
B、potential target audience
C、resolution to a problem
D、prior knowledge of audience
4、【单选题】Read the following noun phrase: those five beautiful shiny Arkansas Black apples sitting on the chair. What is the head noun?
A、those
B、chair
C、apples
D、shiny
5、【单选题】Read the following noun phrase: blended learning environments in which students become active and interactive learners. In this noun phrase, the italicized part is ____________.
A、pre-modifier
B、post-modifier
C、prepositional phrase
D、determiner
6、【单选题】By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?
A、It boasts the largest number of students on campus.
B、All its courses are offered online.
C、Its online courses are of the best quality
D、Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.
7、【单选题】According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ________.
A、a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction
B、a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements
C、the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds
D、the casual relationship between students and professors
8、【单选题】Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.
A、save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
B、select courses from various colleges and universities
C、work on the required courses whenever and wherever
D、earn their academic degrees with much less effort
9、【单选题】What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?
A、There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.
B、There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.
C、The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.
D、Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.
10、【单选题】According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________.
A、building up their reputation
B、upgrading their teaching facilities
C、providing convenience for students
D、cutting down on their expenses
11、【单选题】We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. In the passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is _________.
A、objective
B、questioning
C、approving
D、critical
12、【单选题】By “held back” (Line 1, Para.1), the author means _________
A、forced to study in the lower classe
B、made to remain in the same classes
C、drawn to their studies
D、prevented from advancing
13、【单选题】The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s _________.
A、learning ability and communicative skill
B、total personality
C、personal qualities and social skills
D、intellectual ability
14、【单选题】Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?
A、Pupils aim to learn to develop their reasoning abilities
B、Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others
C、Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers
D、Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.
15、【单选题】The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _________.
A、argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
B、recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitie
C、emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
D、offer advice on the proper use of the library
16、【填空题】enhance awareness facilitate flexible perspectiveinsufficient evidence conflict adjustment resolution She went through a period of emotional ____________ after her marriage broke up.
A、
17、【填空题】The government is pressing for an early ____________ of the dispute.
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18、【填空题】The new trade agreement should ____________ more rapid economic growth.
A、
19、【填空题】She found herself in ____________ with her parents over her future career.
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20、【填空题】Our plans need to be ____________ enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
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21、【填空题】Try to see the issue from a different ____________.
A、
22、【填空题】This is an opportunity to ____________ the reputation of the company.
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23、【填空题】It is important that students develop a(n) ____________ of how the Internet can be used.
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24、【填空题】There is convincing ____________ of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
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25、【填空题】His salary is ____________ to meet his needs.
A、
The inverted triangle structure of research introductions
1、【单选题】According to the inverted triangle structure, Which function does Sentence (1) have?(1)The definition of higher education may vary depending upon the laws and culture of the country involved.(2) In the United States, higher education is considered to be voluntary studies beyond the high school level.This is the same with the higher education system in China. However, the two countries also differ in aspects such as admission system, student life and evaluation system.(3)This article focuses on some of the significant differences and discusses them in detail.
A、contextualising
B、defining
C、focusing
D、None of the above
2、【单选题】According to the inverted triangle structure, which function does Sentence (3) have?(1)The definition of higher education may vary depending upon the laws and culture of the country involved. (2) In the United States, higher education is considered to be voluntary studies beyond the high school level. This is the same with the higher education system in China. However, the two countries also differ in aspects such as admission system, student life and evaluation system.(3)This article focuses on some of the significant differences and discusses them in detail.
A、focusing
B、contextualising
C、defining
D、none of the above
Description of figures & tables
1、【填空题】When describing a chart/figure/table, you are advised to follow four stages. Stage 1: Introduce the topic: Describe the general topic the chart/figure/table concerns, and give background information. Stage 2: Explain what the chart/figure/table shows and briefly expand on the title of the chart/figure/table by providing more details, such as what is shown by each axis on a graph, or each column in a table. Stage 3: Highlight the information of particular interest or relevance, focusing on a new aspect of the information. Stage 4: Comment on the information by emphasising the significance of the information to the essay or report more generally, or on the limitations of the information.The following sentences are taken from a report on Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. The pie chart shows the emissions by countries. Identify the corresponding stages of the sentences describing the chart and re-order them to make the description logical.<img src="http://nos.netease.com/edu-image/F87B6917A261E4A907F67ECD2D0358C0.png?imageViewSource: Boden, T.A., Marland, G., and Andres, R.J. (2015). National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2011, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2015❶ These data include CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, as well as cement manufacturing and gas flaring. ❷ Together, these sources represent a large proportion of total global CO2 emissions.❸ In areas such as the United States and Europe, changes in land use associated with human activities have the net effect of absorbing CO2, partially offsetting the emissions from deforestation in other regions.❹ In 2011, the top carbon dioxide (CO2) emitters were China, the United States, the European Union, India, the Russian Federation, Japan, and Canada.❺ However, changes in land use can be important: estimates indicate that net global greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry, and other land use were over 8 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalent, or about 24% of total global greenhouse gas emissions.❻ Emissions and sinks related to changes in land use are not included in these estimates.Order the sentences in the following form: 2-3-1-4...
A、
Identifying forms of contextualisation
1、【判断题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological and political context.Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives historical contexts.(Note: Historical context refers to the attitudes, conditions and general setting at a particular time in history.)
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives cultural contexts.(Note: Cultural context refers to the arts, values and norms of different societies, time periods and backgrounds, and their influence on the topic.)
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives political contexts.(Note: Political context refers to the environment connected with the state, government or publicaffairs and how it has shaped the topic.)
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives economic contexts.(Note: Economic context refers to the financial aspects of a topic,relating to production, consumption,income and wealth.)
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives technological contexts.(Note: Technologicalcontext refers to the development of technology (machinery and devices) and its influence on a topic.)
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives social contexts.(Note: Social context refers to the environment of the society and its structure in which a particular event happened, reflecting how people interact in that environment.)
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question.The author gives geographical contexts.(Note: Geographical context refers to the physical location and environment,and its influence on the topic.)
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question. The author gives gender contexts.(Note: Gender context refers to the behaviors, cultures and features of males and females.)
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Read the research article entitled 'Putting a Price on Ecosystem Services' (see Reading Text 1 in the file Language input from reading texts) and answer the following question.The author gives disciplinary contexts.(Note: Disciplinary context refers to the background of disciplines in which theories, concepts, ideas, or methodologies can be explained and understood.)
A、正确
B、错误
10、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change.Pointing out the differences between the coastal and inland areas is providing _____ context.
A、
11、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change. Introducing representative books, films and fashion industry is providing _____ context.
A、
12、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change.Talking about scientific inventions such as electric cars is providing _____ context.
A、
13、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change.Mentioning the Industrial Revolution is providing ______ context.
A、
14、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change.Highlighting certain countries' policies to reduce carbon emssion is providing _____ context.
A、
15、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change.Mentioning people's increasing awareness of environmental protection is providing _____ context.
A、
16、【填空题】Contextualisation can be wide-ranging and fall into different forms. For example, it could involve cultural, historical, social, technological context and so on. Consider the issue of climate change.Speaking of the effects of economic growth on climate change is providing ______ context.
A、
Identifying knowledge gaps
1、【单选题】Read the excerpt of the introductory section in the journal article entitled The global ocean is an ecosystem: simulating marine life and fisheries (see Reading Text 3 in the file Language input from reading texts). Answer the following question.Which of the following models is not one of the existing model types?
A、size-based models
B、spatial–temporal food web model
C、individual-based models
D、trophic food web models
2、【填空题】Read the excerpt of the introductory section in the journal article entitled The global ocean is an ecosystem: simulating marine life and fisheries (see Reading Text 3 in the file Language input from reading texts). Answer the following question.Why do the authors present and apply this model?
A、
Types of targets under description
1、【单选题】Read the excerpt (see Reading Text 4 in the file Language input from reading texts) which describes 'Table 1' from the experimental section of a research paper on metallurgy and answer the following question. Which type of voice is consistently used?
A、passive voice
B、active voice
C、middle voice
D、none of the above
2、【判断题】Read the excerpt (see Reading Text 4 in the file Language input from reading texts) which describes 'Table 1' from the experimental section of a research paper on metallurgy and decide if the following statement is true or false. The present tense is preferred in describing the use of materials in the experiment.
A、正确
B、错误
Taking notes of description
1、【填空题】Listen to the video 'The growth of world population'. Make rough notes and pay special attention to the description of data. Complete the bar graph by filling in the following blank. ①: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/6124EAEFAD3F5D77DDC201CB37248121.png?imageView height: 263px;" />
A、
2、【填空题】②: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/4D5AFC092EBD00D082BA6BC7BEFBF72B.png?imageView height: 289px;" />
A、
3、【填空题】③: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/23A1D8D70038C0945E0C2491D0E061B3.png?imageView height: 282px;" />
A、
4、【填空题】④: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/BAA6AB9C12882538E6B69B424DE9CAEE.png?imageView height: 237px;" />
A、
5、【填空题】⑤: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/1EC4AEC72E7E3D8867F4B98F66388BB9.png?imageView height: 312px;" />
A、
6、【填空题】⑥: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/BFDEB86BB45C3944F52A831D24305854.png?imageView height: 296px;" />
A、
7、【填空题】⑦: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/E67E73066402F2442077571893012617.png?imageView height: 289px;" />
A、
8、【填空题】Watch the video 'Ecosystem services and biodiversity' and fill in the following mapping notes based on your notes on the background information. ①: ___________;<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/5791E59F8F0758264C69EA0DA212E1BD.jpg?imageView height: 345px;" />
A、
9、【填空题】②: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/572513D6FF55C94703EF013B7907615C.jpg?imageView height: 395px;" />
A、
10、【填空题】③: ___________;<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/FEF2C1C0836A8E12EAD7B7A8136C274B.jpg?imageView height: 354px;" />
A、
11、【填空题】④: ___________;<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/D49EB728EA07909AB3B02D2213580C11.jpg?imageView height: 391px;" />
A、
12、【填空题】⑤: ___________;<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/416CF46B6B4BB0765DCA62333CD547AB.jpg?imageView height: 341px;" />
A、
13、【填空题】⑥: ___________;<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/B1A7F66D8B3690A65D769CC7DFD63ECC.jpg?imageView height: 322px;" />
A、
14、【填空题】⑦: ___________;<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/E36680D5918725805B39699DE4C87475.jpg?imageView height: 324px;" />
A、
15、【填空题】⑧: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/F0E15D3D2C8B69CF4063DFA36B3BDE39.jpg?imageView height: 327px;" />
A、
16、【填空题】⑨: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/31C1186D338EB610284129BC79B0E429.jpg?imageView height: 318px;" />
A、
17、【填空题】⑩: ___________; <img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/4C89C7A9FACF8B7BF46A3CE6CC275373.jpg?imageView height: 320px;" />
A、
Five steps to an effective contextualization
1、【填空题】What is the correct order of the five steps to an effective contextualisation? (Note: Your answer should follow such a form: ABC..)A. Refer briefly to other scholars who have recently contributed to the field you’re working in.B. Evaluate your primary topic of research by comparing to others like/unlike it.C. Expose how relevant contexts might lead up to how your paper will look at the topic.D. Explain briefly what historical background has shaped the topic you’re discussing.E. Explore how your analysis fits into a larger discussion about your topic in the field.
A、
Prepositions
1、【填空题】Prepositions of time: this type of preposition differs between one point in time (e.g. on, at, and in) and extended time (e.g. since, for, by, from-to, from-until, during, and (with)in). Fill in the missing prepositions for the following sentences taken from an academic article.____ U.S. News World Report established its college ranking, other publishers created their own, including Princeton Review, Newsweek, Forbes, and Washington Monthly. U.S. News World Report began publishing its own international rankings, Best Global Universities, ___ October 2014.
A、
2、【填空题】The cost of a college education has increased substantially _____ thirty years. Student debt was less than $200 billion ____ 2000. ___ the end of June 2013, the total dollars outstanding in the federal student loan programs exceeded $1 trillion ____ the first time.
A、
3、【填空题】___ 2011___ 2012, more than one third of undergraduates lived with their parents ____ the school year, the highest share ___ 20 years.
A、
4、【填空题】Regarding transfers, a study of first beginning students ___ 2003-2004 found that 35 percent transferred or simultaneously enrolled at more than one institution ___ some point ____ six years.
A、
5、【填空题】Prepositions of space: there are three types of prepositions indicating locations: higher than a point (e.g. over, above), lower than a point (e.g. under, underneath, beneath, below), and close to a point (near, by, next to, between, among, opposite). Underline the correct prepositions in the following sentences. The study load per pupil is shown _______________ (underneath/below).
A、
6、【填空题】The first survey was conducted in the autumn of 1998 _________ (among/between) students who had graduated in 1997.
A、
7、【填空题】Almost 90% of farmers live ___________ (below/at) the subsistence level with a land holding of less than 2.5 acres (1.01 hectares).
A、
8、【填空题】At present, a loan amount up to BDT (Bangladeshi taka) 50, 000 is considered microcredit and _________ (below /above) this limit as a microenterprise loan.
A、
9、【填空题】The thickness of the crust __________ (beneath/below) Tibet is roughly twice that of normal continental crust.
A、
10、【填空题】The geologic evolution described ___________ (above/over) implies that a midcrustal partial melt zone is regionally developed beneath southern Tibet.
A、
Prepositional phrases
1、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.The mean temperatures in low-lying areas, with contrast to the mountainous regions, are low.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.The measures to regulate the economy were effective in theory, but not in practice.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.Except for one or two minor discrepancies, all the accounts were accurate.
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.The results were consistent to our expectations for the experiment.
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.This study will examine the contrast about the characters of Oedipus and Macbeth.
A、正确
B、错误
6、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.We discussed about the topic before planning our essays.
A、正确
B、错误
7、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.According with recent statistics, the inflation rate is starting to decline.
A、正确
B、错误
8、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.All maintenance work must be undertaken in accordance to Health and Safety regulations.
A、正确
B、错误
9、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.There is a greater emphasis on theory in this course.
A、正确
B、错误
10、【判断题】Decide if the use of prepositional phrases is correct or not.Her written work was accurate apart from occasional errors with prepositions.
A、正确
B、错误
Writing an introduction
Self -assessment 2
1、【单选题】Which of the following is the most common structure of introduction in scientific papers?
A、Anecdote introduction
B、Question/quotation introduction
C、Inverted triangle introduction
D、Contrast introduction
2、【单选题】Where should contextualization be included in a research article?
A、Abstract
B、Introduction
C、Results and discussion
D、Conclusion
3、【单选题】Which of the following is not a stage in the inverted triangle structure of introduction?
A、Define
B、Focus
C、Contextualise
D、Discuss
4、【单选题】In terms of voice, scientific writers have a tendency to use _______voice.
A、Passive voice
B、Active voice
C、Middle voice
D、All above
5、【单选题】The graph shows the number of cases of violence ______ Newtown _____ 1970 and 2010. As an overall trend, it is clear that the number of cases of violence increased fairly rapidly until the mid-eighties, remained constant ____ around a decade _____ 700 cases before dropping _____ zero ____ the late 1990s. ___ 1990, the number of cases stood____ approximately 300. That number rose steadily _____ 500 by 1999 and then more sharply _____ 900 in 2003.
A、at/from/until/at/to/in/in/about/to/to
B、in/between/for/at/to/in/in/at/to/to
C、at/until//above/for/to/until/in/by/to/to
D、in/between/for/above/to/in/in/by/by/to
6、【单选题】Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t—we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and trav) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A、It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
B、It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.
C、Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D、Very little will be done to bring it under control.
7、【单选题】According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?
A、It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B、It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C、It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D、It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
8、【单选题】Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _________.
A、economic growth
B、wasteful use of energy
C、the widening gap between the rich and poor
D、the rapid advances of science and technology
9、【单选题】The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _________.
A、politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B、few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C、reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D、international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
10、【单选题】What is the message the author intends to convey?
A、Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B、The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
C、The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D、People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
11、【单选题】Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in theUnited States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in theUnited States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from theUnited Stateswere the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research inFrance. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in theUnited Stateswere different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from theUnited States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
A、the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B、lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C、lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D、the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
12、【单选题】Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.
A、was discouraged
B、was enforced by law
C、was prohibited by law
D、was introduced
13、【单选题】How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A、By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B、By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C、By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D、By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
14、【单选题】The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
A、forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B、lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C、lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D、the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
15、【单选题】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.
A、are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B、feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
C、still consider lead pollution a problem
D、lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
16、【填空题】obligation ignore significantly dependent convertdiverse appropriate encounter appoint distribution She was the most remarkable woman he had ever ___________.
A、
17、【填空题】My interests are very ___________.
A、
18、【填空题】She did not feel under any ___________ to tell him the truth.
A、
19、【填空题】He ___________ all the 'No Smoking' signs and lit up a cigarette.
A、
20、【填空题】Profits have increased ___________ over the past few years.
A、
21、【填空题】A child's development is ___________ on many factors.
A、
22、【填空题】The hotel is going to be ___________ into a nursing home.
A、
23、【填空题】Now that the problem has been identified, ___________ action can be taken.
A、
24、【填空题】The map shows the ___________ of this species across the world.
A、
25、【填空题】They have ___________ a new head teacher at my son's school.
A、
Determining the criteria for classification
1、【单选题】When you classify things, it is critical to identify the rules that govern class or category membership. Choose the item that has not been classified on the same basis as the other three under each topic.Topic 1: Books
A、Novels
B、Biographies
C、Boring
D、Short stories
2、【单选题】Topic 2: Talk shows
A、Celebrity divorces
B、Fashions
C、Fad diets
D、Researchers
3、【单选题】Topic 3: Eaters
A、Very conservative
B、Typical
C、Adventurous
D、Middle-aged
4、【单选题】Topic 4: Shoppers
A、Tight-fisted
B、Online
C、Reasonable
D、Extravagant
5、【单选题】Topic 5: School courses
A、Easy
B、Moderate
C、Foreign language
D、Challenging
Analysing and evaluating aspects of multiple items
1、【填空题】To compare is to examine how aspects of multiple items are similar, while to contrast is to see how they differ. Read the following statement and decide whether it is a comparison or a contrast. comparison contrast comparison and contrastComputers, although increasingly small, are not always easy to carry from one place to another. However, the mobile phone can be carried with ease.
A、
2、【填空题】The mode of processing used by the right brain is comparable in complexity to that used by the left brain.
A、
3、【填空题】Oral societies tend to be very much anchored in the present, whereas literate societies have a very definite awareness of the past.
A、
4、【填空题】Both Bachofen and Morgan believed that, since you belonged to the group by virtue of being your mother's son, women in such a system must have a particularly high status. Engels, however, does not completely follow Bachofen in the belief that at this stage women were actually superior to men.
A、
5、【填空题】It is clear that a majority of the British chose to stay in hotel for their holiday. On the other hand, there was an exception to this because over 50% of the Welsh opted for self-catering accommodation.
A、
6、【填空题】There is more than one technique that you can use to introduce and make comparison and contrast. Match the following statements of comparison or contrast with the corresponding techniques listed in the box. signal wordsmetaphorsimilecomparative degreeThe brain is not only larger in humans than in apes but also much more complex.
A、
7、【填空题】While the Japanese purchased nearly 50 million smart phones, the Canadians bought only just over 3 million.
A、
8、【填空题】It should be noted that where only three parts to an experiment exist, a strong correlation is not as persuasive evidence for consistency as when many parts can be compared.
A、
9、【填空题】The lawyer was very vicious and dangerous. He had been in law for a long time and the experience had made him sly, sneaky and cunning.
A、
10、【填空题】She claims that even though the guest and host relationship is like a business transaction many guests do not see it that way.
A、
Identifying and understanding classification
1、【单选题】 Read the following text and complete the information. Jobs are classified and arranged into different classes, groups or families according to a systematic schema which explains the roles and organization of employees for accomplishment of specific tasks. This classification scheme is based on organizational lines of authority, technology, human behavior and the job content. This classification scheme is categorized as: i) white collar jobs (the managerial and professional people) and, ii) blue collar jobs (the physical and factory laborers) (Bernardin Russell, 1998).White collar jobs include performing the non-manual work; that is dealing with information, not the things. These jobs demand specialized experience and rigorous education (Ypallilos, 2009). Those, who perform these jobs are called white-collar workers and bear job titles like: accountants, bankers, attorneys, real estate agents, professional consultants, supervisors, clerks, professionals and managers (Scott, 20013).Blue collar jobs, on the other hand, involve performing the manual work which requires physical involvement and efforts (Ypallilos, 2009).These jobs require technically skilled personnel who are formally trained and certified like: engineers, mechanics, plumbers, electricians and structural workers. Blue collar jobs can also be performed by low-skilled people who are designated to perform simple tasks such as cleaning, maintenance and assembly line work (Scott, 2013). Muhammad Adeel Anjum. Counterproductive Behavior at Work: A Comparison of Blue Collar and White Collar Workers. http://www.jespk.net/publications/134.pdf The classifying criterion is ________________.
A、organisational lines of authority
B、technology
C、human behavior and the job content
D、all above
2、【填空题】The topic is _____________.
A、
3、【填空题】The two categories are _________________.
A、
Identifying and understanding comparison and contrast
1、【填空题】 Read the following text and complete the information. Blue and white-collar employees differ significantly from each other on the basis of their job characteristics and their behavior; white-collar employees have higher levels jobs, and blue-collar workers on the other hand perform low level jobs (Spiegelaere et al., 2012). Both differ in the way they estimate various aspects of a job, white-collar employees are traditionally found to value the intrinsic aspects of the job, whereas the blue collar workers attach more importance to extrinsic aspects such as rewards or job security (Locke, 1973). It has been reported that the central motivational factors of blue-collar workers are the extrinsic job aspects such as: the job security, and rewards. The white collar workers value intrinsic aspects of their jobs like autonomy and task significance (Centers Bugental, 1966). Muhammad Adeel Anjum. Counterproductive Behavior at Work: A Comparison of Blue Collar and White Collar Workers. http://www.jespk.net/publications/134.pdf The itemsThe pointsBlue-collar employeesWhite-collar employees1. ________________4. levels jobs5. __________ level jobs2. ________________attach more importance to 6. ____________ aspectsvalue the 7. ____________ aspects of the job3. ________________the 8. job aspects such as: the job security, and rewards.9. aspects of their jobs like autonomy and task significance 1. ______________
A、
2、【填空题】2. _______________
A、
3、【填空题】3. ________________
A、
4、【填空题】4. _______________
A、
5、【填空题】5. ________________
A、
6、【填空题】6. _________________
A、
7、【填空题】7. _________________
A、
8、【填空题】8. ________________
A、
9、【填空题】9. _______________
A、
Completing information 1
1、【填空题】With the help of your notes of video 1, complete the information. Six Personality TypesEach type corresponds to particular types of 1. ______________________________.TypesTheir preferenceByname2. ____________They like to use 3. ____________ doers4. ____________They like to use 5. ____________thinkers6. ____________They prefer 7. ____________creators8. ____________They like to 9. ____________helpers10. ____________They like to 11. ____________persuaders12. ____________They prefer to 13. ____________organizersThe types closest together are most similar to one another; those farther apart are most different. Because the similarities among personality types, an individual may have more than one dominant type. The strange combination of these types makes a larger impact on which job are fit well for particular individual.1. ____________________
A、
2、【填空题】2. ____________
A、
3、【填空题】3. ____________
A、
4、【填空题】4. ____________
A、
5、【填空题】5. _____________
A、
6、【填空题】6. _____________
A、
7、【填空题】7. _____________
A、
8、【填空题】8. _____________
A、
9、【填空题】9. ____________
A、
10、【填空题】10. _____________
A、
11、【填空题】11. ______________
A、
12、【填空题】12. _______________
A、
13、【填空题】13. _______________
A、
Completing information 2
1、【填空题】With the help of your notes of video 2, complete the information. RewardsRewards are 1. _____________ that are earned as a result of an employee’s performance.2. ______________ rewards 3. ______________ rewardsIt is 4. ______________to the person. It is 5. ______________ to the individual.It is driven by 6. ______________ in work itself It is based on 7. ______________.Employees that are intrinsically motivated tend to work at the higher level of 8. ______________ and strive to be developed professionally. An extrinsically motivated person will work on a task that they do not particularly care for simply because of the 9. ______________ that will come from the extrinsic reward.Intrinsic rewards include things such as personal achievement, professional growth, sense of pleasure and accomplishment. extrinsic rewards are usually financially natured, such as raise in salary, bonus, paid time off.Frederick Herzberg found intrinsic rewards to be much stronger than 10. ______________ rewards in increasing employee motivation. Effective managers find ways to combine extrinsic rewards with intrinsic rewards. 1. _____________
A、
2、【填空题】2. _____________
A、
3、【填空题】3. _______________
A、
4、【填空题】4. _______________
A、
5、【填空题】5. _____________
A、
6、【填空题】6. ____________
A、
7、【填空题】7. ____________
A、
8、【填空题】8. _______________
A、
9、【填空题】9. ______________
A、
10、【填空题】10. ______________
A、
Organising ideas for a comparison essay
1、【判断题】An introduction of a comparison essay should present the frame of reference (the context within which you place the two or more things you plan to compare and contrast), the grounds for comparison (the rationale behind your choice) and the thesis (the gist of your argument). The similarities and differences should then be elaborated in the body part. Read the following passage about personality and complete the table with specific information from the passage.Personality can be defined as the steady behaviour patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within a person (Burger, 2011; 4). These include the thoughts, feelings, and actions of people. Personality psychologists however are engaged in a continuous and never-ending discussion of how to describe human personality in the most effective way (Burger, 2011; 4). As a result, there are a variety of theories of personality which try to describe the cause and effect of the human personality. This essay will briefly compare and contrast two of these theories which include the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories of personality. It is important to have an in-depth understanding of the various types of theories with respect to personality because such a discourse enables psychologists to discover more about social behaviours in daily life (Fiske et al, 2010; 365). SOURCE: Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories of personality essay. Available at: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Compare-And-Contract-The-Psychoanalytic-And-498436.html. (Accessed: 16 December 2016). 1. The frame of reference includes the defnition of personality and the previous study on personality.
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】The thesis is to compare and contrast two of these theories which include the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories of personality.
A、正确
B、错误
3、【填空题】The ground for comparison is that ________________________.
A、
Recognising the function of conjunction
1、【单选题】Focus the connectives in the following text, choose the correct type of logical relation each connective express.She further stated that Mikaye found no anxious/avoidant children, because many Japanese mothers rarely left their child at 12 months, so being alone, or even with a stranger would have been extremely upsetting (Brain, 2002). Some psychologists however, claim that the strange situation test is not an accurate way to define attachment types, as they do not take into account the effect of cultural differences on attachment. An example of this is that in some cultures children are often put into day care, this could be confounding, because those children will have learnt that their mothers will return, and will not find the strange situation test as distressing as others (Cowie et al., 1991). There have also been found to be certain flaws in some of the studies upon which Bowlby based his theories. The major concern with ‘imprinting’ for example, is that it is based upon birds and mammals, rather than primates.The logical relation the connective because expresses is _____________.
A、causative
B、contrasting
C、exemplifying
D、additive
2、【单选题】The logical relation the connective however expresses is _____________.
A、causative
B、contrasting
C、exemplifying
D、additive
3、【单选题】The logical relation the connective an example expresses is _____________.
A、causative
B、contrasting
C、exemplifying
D、additive
4、【填空题】Fill in the blanks in the following statements, and think about the logical relationships it represents. consequentlygenerallywhereas converselyin addition Using only one type would be over simplistic and aimed at one particular group of visitors, ____________ combining two types provide a reasonable amount of information for everybody.
A、
5、【填空题】It therefore follows from the evidence presented here that sporting practices are not a unique, socially isolated sphere and ____________ do bear a relation to the social construction of masculine ideals.
A、
6、【填空题】However, this explanation also has conflicting views as the majority of research is based on divided attention studies that suggest memory deficits to be due to a diminished attentional capacity. ____________, selective attention studies have also shown reduced inhibition to affect performance in complex problem solving tasks.
A、
7、【填空题】This may due to the fact that even from within the womb, babies are in contact with the outside world via the voices they hear and thus learning may even begin from here. ____________, their ability to experience and perceive objects whilst in the womb is impossible, which would explain their gradual development towards perceptual aspects of objects.
A、
8、【填空题】Although not strictly a form of treatment this system can be used to ____________ encourage desired behaviour and eliminate abnormal behaviour.
A、
Writing a comparison essay
Self-assessment 3
1、【单选题】Which pattern is used in the following outline when comparison is made?Point 1 Object 1 ➤ Object 2 Point 2 Object 1 ➤ Object 2 Point 3 Object 1 ➤ Object 2
A、The block pattern.
B、The point-by-point pattern.
C、The combination pattern.
D、All above.
2、【单选题】What should be involved in the introductory part of a comparison essay?
A、The frame of reference.
B、The grounds for comparison.
C、The thesis
D、All above
3、【单选题】Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded - and can come back to haunt (困扰) you - appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna,Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time - in an instant message or phone call, say - than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: Do you like my dress?Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. Hancock's study focuses on ________.
A、the consequences of lying in various communications media
B、the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C、people's preferences in selecting communications technologies
D、people's honesty levels across a range of communications media
4、【单选题】Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A、people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B、people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C、people are most likely to lie in email communication
D、people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
5、【单选题】According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
A、They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B、They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C、They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D、They are most practised at those forms of communication.
6、【单选题】According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ___.
A、salesmen can talk directly to their customers
B、salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C、salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
D、salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively
7、【单选题】It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A、honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
B、more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees
C、suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
D、email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company
8、【单选题】Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing—older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, end up retiring much later. For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. My body is aging, says Metcalf. You can't get away from that.Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school, says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their child, she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. We both wanted children, says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, a sense of family.Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. 'The dads are older, more mature, says Dr. Silber, and more ready to focus on parenting. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?
A、Older parents are often better prepared financially.
B、Older parents can take better care of their children.
C、Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.
D、Older parents can better balance their resources against children's demands.
9、【单选题】What does the author mean by saying For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream (Lines 5-6, Para. 1)?
A、They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.
B、They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.
C、They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.
D、They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
10、【单选题】The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that ________.
A、older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children
B、many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age
C、older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies
D、taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy
11、【单选题】What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?
A、Approaching of death.
B、Slowing down of their pace of life.
C、Being laughed at by other people.
D、Being mistaken for grandparents.
12、【单选题】What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?
A、They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.
B、Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.
C、Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.
D、They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.
13、【判断题】To compare is to emphasize the similarities between things, ideas, concepts, or points of view.
A、正确
B、错误
14、【填空题】Put the stages of classification in correct order. （答案书写形式为：1-2-3-4-5）1. Sort the information into categories2. Define the categories3. Consider the topic4. Establish the hypothesis5. Determine the classifying criterion
A、
15、【填空题】The statement “Computers, although increasing small, are not always easy to carry from one place to another. However, the mobile phone can be carried with ease.” is a _______________.
A、
16、【填空题】instability pessimistic tendency harmony trustworthy accomplishment manual supervisor considerable essence Money will be crucial to the __________ of our objectives.
A、
17、【填空题】She spent the summer doing __________ labor on her uncle's farm.
A、
18、【填空题】It shows the need to be in __________ with our environment.
A、
19、【填空题】You can leave a spare key with a(n) __________ neighbour.
A、
20、【填空题】I have a meeting with my __________ about my research topic.
A、
21、【填空题】The project wasted a(n) __________ amount of time and money.
A、
22、【填空题】I have a(n) __________ to talk too much when I'm nervous.
A、
23、【填空题】In __________, your situation isn't so different from mine.
A、
24、【填空题】The patient has a history of emotional __________.
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25、【填空题】They appeared surprisingly __________ about their chances of winning.
A、
The relationship among notions
1、【填空题】Read the following notions in the discipline of psychology and try to write down the relationship among them. causality relationship inclusion relationship opposite relationship a Psychology: The study of the mind and how it influences people’s behaviors. It is an academic discipline and an applied science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.b Social Psychology: The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.c Clinical Psychology: The psychological specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals and families.
A、
2、【填空题】a Anxiety: An emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination. It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.b Relaxation: In psychology, it is the emotional state of a living being, of low tension, in which there is an absence of arousal that could come from sources such as anger, anxiety, or fear. Relaxation is a form of mild ecstasy coming from the frontal lobe of the brain in which the backward cortex sends signals to the frontal cortex via a mild sedative..
A、
3、【填空题】a Stimulation: Stimulation or sensory excitation is the action of various agents or forms of energy (stimuli) on receptors that generate impulses that travel through nerves to the brain (afferents).b Perception: Perception is the mental process or state that is reflected in statements like “I see a uniformly blue wall’, representing awareness or understanding of the real-world cause of the sensory input. The goal of sensation is detection; the goal of perception is to create useful information of the surroundings.
A、
The techniques or methods in explaining a notion
1、【填空题】Have you noticed the techniques or methods the author employed in explaining a notion in one article? Try to induce some techniques by analyzing the following sentences. Definition Classification Exemplification Comparison When you think back on it, you might see flashes of a day you spent swimming or a night spent watching fireworks explode high in the sky.
A、
2、【填空题】Sensory memory refers to the initial, momentary recording of information in our sensory systems.
A、
3、【填空题】A basic and generally accepted classification of memory is based on the duration of memory retention, and identifies three distinct types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory.
A、
4、【填空题】While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically.
A、
Reading explanation of notions.
1、【判断题】A notion can be expressed and explained with various components. Which of the following aspects can you find for an explanation of the notion memoryin Text 1? If the text entails, pleach tick it right; if not, cross it. 1. the definition of memory in science
A、正确
B、错误
2、【判断题】2. the function of memory
A、正确
B、错误
3、【判断题】3. typical features of memory
A、正确
B、错误
4、【判断题】4. the classifiction of memory
A、正确
B、错误
5、【判断题】5. personal experience of memory
A、正确
B、错误
Watch Video 1, and do the following exercise.
1、【单选题】5 _______________ attractive<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/16C1376AD26DAF2BDD0EA2DDC655DBE6.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、less
B、more
C、least
D、none of above
2、【填空题】Direction: Watch Video 1 and take notes. Complete the following visual notes about how memory gets lost with the information in your notes.________________(Don't capital the first letter.)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/210ACC0A1F38CBDD9D3E9A9718C32930.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
3、【填空题】2. chronic ________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/66333C0916E652F19171122711B1792F.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
4、【填空题】3. ________________(Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/4E35D9D982614177B7C04523C5160738.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
5、【填空题】4. Attention ( due to _______________ physical problems)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/9F3AE13C04A04711C6411A503CC0B946.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
6、【填空题】6. dwelling on the past, ignoring the ___________<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/37F11D3D6FA62A5BBBB3CA3C23E0A31F.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
7、【填空题】7. ________________ (Fill in the word starting with the letter i)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/0C0F6D14024352D35137663C3322B104.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
Watch Video 2, and do the following exercise.
1、【填空题】Direction: Watchi Video 2 and take notes. Complete the following visual notes about how to build up your network of memory with the information of the analogical explanation in your notes.____________________(Don't capitalize the first letter.)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/537684D50581CA19CD7C1E73E0772B63.png?imageView
A、
2、【填空题】2. ____________________(Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/358C6B6C6FE27BC2D48744D50C420BF4.png?imageView
A、
3、【填空题】3. ___________________(Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/6C50DB51346A698DD8285502270B0E52.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
4、【填空题】4. _________________ sleep (Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/BE5840EECA2A07D468806FA47D762E3C.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
5、【填空题】5. _______________(Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/B14EFC9283E161DBA6AC141DF5D6A4EC.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
6、【填空题】6.________________ (Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/50F1C97E67869E1DCB917D97A325CFF5.png?imageView&thumbnail=890x0&quality=100" />
A、
7、【填空题】7. ___________ new things (Don't capitalize the first letter)<img src="http://edu-image.nosdn.127.net/30D86B0C69C739B780B51DC80F147AA1.png?imageView
A、
Nominalization
1、【填空题】Read the following sentences and find out the nominalized words.The retrieval process allows us to bring stored memories into conscious awareness.
A、
2、【填空题】Estimates range up to three or four seconds.
A、
3、【填空题】In recent decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a branch of science called cognitive neuroscience, an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
A、
Transformation
1、【填空题】Direction: Here are some examples in everyday language. Transform them into sentences in scientific language by nominalising the underlined parts. Because bacteria genes are incredibly adaptable, there may be many more cases of infectious bacteria diseases in the world. Key: the incredible genetic __________ of bacteria
A、
2、【填空题】2. First, bacteria, good or bad, are spread around the globe because people travel and goods are traded from one place to another. Key: the __________ of bacteria (some beneficial and some harmful)
A、
3、【填空题】3. Second, doctors use antibiotics too much mostly because their patients insist on using them. Key: the ____________ of antibiotics by doctors
A、
4、【填空题】4. Fourth, in many countries antibiotics are always available to people without a prescription from their doctor. Key: the____________ of antibiotics
A、
5、【填空题】5. Sixth, the livestock and dairy industries use antibiotics widely to make animals healthier and grow more quickly. Key: the wide _________ of antibiotics in the livestock and dairy industries
A、
Writing to explain a notional meaning
Self-assessment 4
1、【单选题】Relationships between two notions are different. They can be ____________.
A、causal relationship
B、inclusive relationship
C、opposite relationship
D、All above
2、【单选题】Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race, she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly, said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. This is the definition of integration.I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes, said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合), there were also jarring cultural confrontations.The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained. What can we learn from some recent studies?
A、Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B、Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
C、Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
D、Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
3、【单选题】What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?
A、White students tend to look down upon their black peers.
B、Black students can compete with their white peers academically.
C、Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.
D、Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.
4、【单选题】What does the Indiana University study show?
A、Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
B、Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.
C、Roommates of different races just don't get along.
D、Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.
5、【单选题】What does Alec Webley consider to be the definition of integration?
A、Students of different races are required to share a room.
B、Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
C、Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
D、The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
6、【单选题】What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?
A、It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
B、Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.
C、Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.
D、Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
7、【单选题】The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers inCanadajust published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A、It is a highly profitable industry.
B、It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C、It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D、It has yielded positive results.
8、【单选题】What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A、Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
B、There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C、Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D、The power of positive thinking is limited.
9、【单选题】What does the author mean by “… you’re just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A、You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B、You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C、You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D、You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
10、【单选题】What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A、It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.
B、Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood.
C、Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
D、People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.
11、【单选题】What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A、The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.
B、Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C、Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D、People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
12、【判断题】To make the explanation comprehensible and academic, what we sometimes need are not supreme skills, advanced vocabulary or fancy thoughts, but logical structures, which can be the basis of an effective explanation.
A、正确
B、错误
13、【填空题】_____________ is a comparison between two things, usually for the purpose of explanation or clarification. It aims to explain one thing by comparing it to something that is familiar. （注意首字母大写）
A、
14、【填空题】___________ and similes are tools used to draw an analogy. （注意首字母大写和单复数形式）
A、
15、【填空题】Nominalization is a type of word formation in which a verb or an adjective is transformed into a __________.
A、
16、【填空题】选词填空（注意词形变化）retrieve comprehend subsequently perspective inaccuratedomain approximately accomplish vanish cognitiveTry to see the issue from a different __________.
A、
17、【填空题】All the maps we had were wildly __________.
A、
18、【填空题】The original interview notes were __________ lost.
A、
19、【填空题】It’s important to care children’s __________ development.
A、
20、【填空题】The police hope to encourage him to __________ forgotten memories.
A、
21、【填空题】The infinite distances of space are too great for the human mind to __________.
A、
22、【填空题】The first part of the plan has been safely __________.
A、
23、【填空题】The magician __________ in a puff of smoke.
A、
24、【填空题】The care of older people is being placed firmly within the __________ of the family.
A、
25、【填空题】The journey took __________ eight hours.
A、
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