2022年大学英语统考词汇与结构复习指南
来源:2022-05-07 09:15:15 时间:百年教育职业培训中心
词汇与结构
一、题目介绍
5小题，单项选择题，每题2分，共10分。
统考最难的语法部分，分数占比不大，同学们不需要机械背诵语法，结合例题理解即可
二、语法考点整理
1. 时态经典表达形式
记住每种时态标志词和对应形式，选出结构对的选项即可
一般 | 进行 | 完成 | ||
现在 | 基本形式 | do/does | am/is/are doing | have/has done |
标志词 | everyday每天, always一直, usually通常, often经常, seldom很少, once a week每周一次 | look！快看, listen ！听 Now现在 | already已经, yet尚未, since自从, so far迄今为止, for 3 years （已经）三年了 | |
过去 | 基本形式 | did | was/were doing | had done |
标志词 | yesterday昨天, last week上周, an hour ago 一小时前, the other day那天, in 1982在1982年 | while/when当, at 7:00七点钟时 | by截止到, before在…之前, until直到 | |
将来 | 基本形式 | will do /be going to do |
|
|
标志词 | tomorrow明天, next week下周, from now on从现在开始, in the future未来 |
以write a book（写书）为例，各时态下的基本句子形式为：
一般现在：I write a book. / He writes a book once a month.
现在进行：I am writing a book. / She is writing a book now.
现在完成：I have written a books./ He has written a books so far.
一般过去：I wrote a book yesterday.
过去进行：I was writing a book at 7:00 yesterday.
一般将来：I will write a book in the future.
经典例题：
I fell and hurt myself while I ________ basketball yesterday.
A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played
答案：A。
解析：结构为 一个半句when/while +过去进行时was/were doing，另一个半句一般过去时。
2. 倒装
Mr. Wang comes here. 正常句
Here comes Mr. Wang. 倒装句
类型 | 基本形式 | 例如 |
完全倒装 | 谓语+主语 | 表示地点、方向的副词，如here/up/away+comes一般现在时 |
部分倒装 | 一部分谓语（通常是助动词）+主语+剩余部分谓语 He has (not) done his homework. Hardly has he done his homework. |
A: I smoke. (do) B: So do I. A: I don’t smoke. B: Neither do I. A: he smokes. B: So does she. |
经典例题：
Only in this way ______progress in your English.
A.you make B.can you make C.you be able to make D.will you able to make
答案：B
解析：看到only在句首，后面要部分倒装，助动词can提到主语前。
3．非谓语动词
首先明确指的是主要动词以外的动作，比如说中文"我想吃苹果"，"想"是主要动词，非谓语动词类似于"吃"的概念。
To do 通常表示目的，或者将要完成的事
Doing 通常表示持续性的事情，很多词组有固定搭配
经典例题：
Don't forget _________ the window before leaving the room.
A. to have closed
B. to close
C. having closed
D. closing
答案：B
解析：Not Forget to do sth. 别忘了去做什么事
Forget doing sth. 忘了已经做了什么事
类似的还有Stop
Stop making so much noise! I’m sleepy. 别弄出这么大噪音，我困着呢。
Stop to do your homework! 快去做作业！
第一句指的是停下手中做的事，表持续性，因此是stop+doing，
第二句指的是停下去做另一件事，表将来状态，因此是stop+to do。
4. 连词
统考里考察连词基本上有固定范围，记住以下重点连词含义即可
并列关系 and 和
选择关系 or 或者
转折关系 though=although 虽然
but 但是(不能与though/although同时出现，写作文时要注意）
while 尽管
递进关系 not only… but also… 不但…而且…
因果关系 since，because 因为,后面+句子
due to，because of 因为,后面+词或词组
so+句子 所以
条件关系
if 如果 as soon as 只要…就…. in case万一,可能性小
其他 Before之前 after之后 until 直到
经典例题：
I would like to do the job ________ you don't force me to study.
A. in case B. although C. though D. as long as
答案：D
解析：
句意：只要你不逼着我学习，我就愿意做这个工作。
5. 情态动词（易考点）
情态动词自己没实义，就表示情感/想法。
I smoke. 我抽烟 说的是普通的事
I should not smoke. 我不该抽烟 说的是想法
这组句子里，Smoke是实义动词，should就是情态动词。
考点：
must 必须，语气＞should，命令意味，表推测的情态动词中must可能性最大，如You must have read some account of the matter.（你肯定已经读过关于这件事的一些报道。）
（注意：mustn’t表示禁止）
should 应该，建议 如 You should listen to your doctor. 你应该听医生的。
can 能，表示能力，或者请求 如 I can swim. 我会游泳； Can I leave earlier today? 我今天能早点走吗？
will 将要 类似将来时，或者意愿，很主观的愿意 如 I will tell you. 我会告诉你的。
will的过去时：would（会）
经典例题：
The young lady coming over to us ___________ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!
A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be
答案：A
解析：考察情态动词用做推测的情况。
句意：朝我们走来的年轻女士一定是我们的英语老师。从她走路的样子就知道了！
表示推测的时候，must语气最强，看感叹号也可判断。
6． 从句（难度较大）
从句概念（了解即可）
形容词+名词
有趣的书 interesting book
I have a book. 我有一本书
The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣
I have a book that/which is interesting.
关系词要会判断选择
That 大体上都可以
Who 前面的名词是人
Which 前面的名词是物
经典真题：
She wonders ____will happen to her private life in the future.
A.That B.it C.this D.what
答案： D
解析：句意: 她想知道未来她的私生活会发生什么。
缺成分。
解题技巧： 看空前是名词还是动词，动词考虑what，名词排除what
A friend __________ helps you in time of need is a real friend.
A. which B. what C. who D. when
答案：C
解析：句意:危难之时帮助你的才是真朋友。
填空前是名词，排除what；且朋友是人，用who/that
7. 主谓一致
主谓一致即指主语和谓语在人称和数上需保持一致的关系。即主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
【题型识别】
①四个选项，里面出现is，are，was，were，be，been，being等词汇；
②出现动词原形，动词加了第三人称单数。
经典真题：
I thought that honesty _______ the best policy.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. be
答案：B
解析：honesty是抽象名词，本句讲述客观事实。
8. 其他小语法点与词汇结构，这一部分要在做题中积累
1）little 用于不可数名词，few用于可数名词
a few表示几个，一些，few表示几乎没有，类似否定。
经典真题：
The boy is not happy at the new school. He has ________ friends there.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
答案：A。
解析：男孩在新学校不开心，因为没有什么朋友。
2）Sb. + spend+time/money +on sth./ v-ing
It takes sb. time/money+ to do.
Sth. Cost sb. +money 物做主语
Sb. + pay for+ sth. 人做主语
经典真题：
Tom ________ more than twenty pounds on the novel.
A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
3）肯定情况下 either A or B 两者其一 all三者以上都 both两者都 both/all用于肯定
否定情况下neither 两者都不，表示否定。None三者以上都不。经典例题：
My parents are teachers. They _________teach English.
A.either B.all C.both D.are
答案：C
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ________of them came.
A.neither B.either C.none D.both
答案：A
三、真题讲解
1. — Write to me when you get home.
— OK, I ___________.
A. must B. should C. will D. can
【答案】C。
你回家之后要写信给我。我会的
2. Tom is so talkative. I’m sure you'll soon get tired ________ him.
A. of B. with C. at D. on
【答案】A。
Be tired of对...感到疲惫
Talkative话多的
3. I don't know _________ to deal with such matter.
A. what B. how C. which D. /
【答案】B。
如何处理——方式how
4. — ________ is your girl friend like?
— She is very kind and good-looking.
A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
【答案】B。
What is your girl friend like?你女朋友是什么样的呀
5. He ________ driving me home, even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. insisted on B. insisted at C. insisted that D. insisted in
【答案】A。
insist on doing坚持
6. We came finally ______ the conclusion that she has been telling lies all the time.
A. of B. into C. to D. at
【答案】C。
Come to the conclusion得出...结论
7. I won’t make the ______ mistake next time.
A. like B. same C. near D. similar
【答案】B。
我下次不会犯同样的错误的same mistake
8. He ______ lives in the house where he was born.
A. already B. yet C. still D. ever
【答案】C。
Still仍然
9. I am not used to speaking ________ public.
A. in B. at C. on D. to
【答案】A。
In public.在公共场合
10. I didn’t know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________to me.
A. appeared B. happened C. occurred D. emerged
【答案】C。
我脑子里突然冒出了一个想法
11. Measles （麻疹） ________ a long time to get over.
A. spend B. spends C. take D. takes
【答案】D。
It/某客观事物takes/took sb. 时间/金钱 to do
12. A pair of spectacles ________ what I need at the moment.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【答案】A。
A pair of spectacles一副眼镜
主谓一致
13. — Do you want to wait?
— Five days ________ too long for me to wait.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
【答案】C。
主谓一致，时间用三单
14. You had better ________ a doctor as soon as possible.
A. seeing B. saw C. see D. seen
【答案】C。
Have better do最好...
15. The boy is not happy at the new school. He has ________ friends there.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
【答案】A。
Few/little表示否定，没什么朋友，friend为可数，所以用few
16. I fell and hurt myself while I ________ basketball yesterday.
A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played
【答案】A。
When/while先后顺序
昨天我正打篮球的时候，我摔倒了，摔伤了
17. Tom ________ more than twenty pounds on the novel.
A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
【答案】A。
人做主语+spend+花费的时间/金钱
18. Don't forget _________ the window before leaving the room.
A. to have closed B. to close C. having closed D. closing
【答案】B。
Forget to do还没做
别忘了关窗
19. Twenty people were wounded_________ in the air crash.
A. quickly B. wrongly C. bitterly D. seriously
【答案】D。
伤得很重
20. The top of the Great Wall is ________ for five horses to go side by side.
A. wide B. so wide C. wide enough D. enough wide
【答案】C。
足够宽
如选B，应该为so...that结构
21. We’ve missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
【答案】B。
Have no choice But to只能，别无选择
22. Nancy is considered to be _________ the other students in her class.
A. less intelligent B. the most intelligent C. intelligent as well D. as intelligent as
【答案】D。
和班里其他同学一样聪明
As+adj/adv+as
23. It's __________ that he was wrong.
A. clearly B. clarity C. clear D. clearing
【答案】C。
24. There _________ a book and some magazines on the desk.
A. is B. be C. have D. has
【答案】A。
主谓一致
25. She is not only my classmate __________ also my good friend.
A. or B. but C. and D. too
【答案】B。
不仅...而且not only...but （also）
26. He asked the waiter ________ the bill.
A. on B. of C. for D. after
【答案】C。
Ask for要求
