广东开放大学形成性考核答案跨文化商务沟通（专）作业答案

2024秋最新广东开放大学《跨文化商务沟通（专）》形考作业试题题库、期末题库及答案

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跨文化商务沟通（专）

学校: 无

问题 1: 1. Part II. True or False (20%)
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
【做题说明：请判断下列陈述为真实或错误，分别选出对应选项。包含10题，每题2分，共计20分。】
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

答案: True

问题 2: 2. In cultures that tend toward individualism, people tend to believe that every individual has the right to his or her private property, thoughts and opinions.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

答案: True

问题 3: 3. The reason why people have different modes of thinking is probably due to the differences in their worldviews, which influence all aspects of our perception and consequentlyaffects our belief and value systems, as well as how we think andact.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

答案: True

问题 4: 4. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to think of one’s own culture as being the center of the world.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

答案: True

问题 5: 5. Deductive thought pattern is a pattern in which a topic is introduced at the beginning and minor or supporting arguments are presented afterwards.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

答案: True

问题 6: 6. In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and women are dominant.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

答案: False

问题 7: 7. We should bear in mind that overgeneralizations are dangerous because they lead to stereotyping and prejudice.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 8: 8. Power distance is an attempt to measure cultural attitudes about inequality in social relationships.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 9: 9. Cultures such as Australia, Belgium and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 10: 10. The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 11: 11. Which of the following is a common international business etiquette that should be followed in cross-cultural interactions?

选项:

• A. Refusing gifts from business partners

• B. Insisting on one's own cultural practices in all interactions

• C. Always initiating business discussions with personal topics

• D. Following the dress code and table manners appropriate for the culture

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问题 12: 12. The “American dream” is clearly a representation of _________.

选项:

• A. uncertainty avoidance

• B. power distance

• C. individualism

• D. uncertainty

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问题 13: 13. Of the following countries, which one is typically a hierarchy society?

选项:

• A. England

• B. Japan

• C. France

• D. Greece

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问题 14: 14. “God help those who help themselves” indicates western cultural values of_________.

选项:

• A. short-term orientation

• B. individualism

• C. high power distance

• D. high uncertainty avoidance

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问题 15: 15. What is one of the key aspects of daily social customs in English-speaking countries?

选项:

• A. Daily greetings

• B. Political discussions

• C. Business negotiations

• D. Personal space

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问题 16: 16. Deductive pattern of
discourse ___________.

选项:

• A. is a pattern to present
the conclusion at the beginning and then make it clear why the speaker is
coming to that particular conclusion

• B. tends to use a
“comment-topic” order of presentation

• C. is a pattern in which
the point is to think in terms of images

• D. is from specific to
general

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问题 17: 17. “God help those who help themselves” indicates western cultural values of_________.

选项:

• A. extrem power

• B. long-term orientation

• C. high certainty

• D. individualism

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问题 18: 18. Of the following countries, which one is typically a hierarchy society?

选项:

• A. the United States

• B. Egypt

• C. South Korea

• D. Spain

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问题 19: 19. Of the following countries, which one can clearly be seen as collectivism?

选项:

• A. China

• B. United States

• C. Italy

• D. Spain

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问题 20: 20. Which one of the
following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Habits

• B. Values

• C. Language

• D. Attitudes

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问题 21: 21. The “American dream” is clearly a representation of _________.

选项:

• A. individualism

• B. uncertainty avoidance

• C. power distance

• D. super power

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问题 22: 22. Which one of the
following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Values

• B. Artifacts

• C. Housing

• D. Diet

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问题 23: 23. Of the following countries, which one can clearly be seen as collectivism?

选项:

• A. The United Kingdom

• B. Egypt

• C. France

• D. China

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问题 24: 24. Inductive pattern of discourse ___________.

选项:

• A. tends to use a “topic-comment” order of presentation

• B. is a pattern in which a topic is introduced at the beginning and minor or supporting arguments are presented afterwards

• C. is from specific to general

• D. is a pattern in which the point is to think in terms of images

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问题 25: 25. Part IV. Reading Comprehension (20%)
Directions: Read the following two passages and answer the questions for each.
【做题说明：请阅读以下两篇短文并回答问题。包含10题，每题2分，共计20分。】
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性别）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（显现）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（竞争）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（试图）to restore（恢复）the power balance （权力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
1. Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 26: 26. 2. Business people normally act according
to how men communicate with each other.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 27: 27. 3. Kids are concerned about similar things
when they are about 5.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 28: 28. 4. Women tend to feel that it is not fair
to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 29: 29. 5. Women in the west like indirect ways of
speaking, which is taken by men as confident.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 30: 30. Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and
generously（慷慨地） promoted（促进）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian
hierarchies（儒家的等级制度）play
an important role here. If you are in the superior（级别、地位较高的）role (boss, teacher,
father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（级别、职位较低者）. If you are in the
inferior （级别、地位较低的）role
(employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to （试图）give face by praising your
superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （装腔作势的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior
is understood as intending to curry favor （赢取好感、拍马屁）. The Chinese have two colorful
expressions（富有趣味的表达）describing
this. A gen pi chong（跟屁虫）is a fart-following insect
(‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai
ma pi（拍马屁）or ‘stroke
the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or
give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face
by retreating（退让）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（显而易见的）than in the definition of
family structure（家庭结构）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out
in several branches carries a distinct （明显的、确切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父亲的母亲）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母亲的母亲）(wai
zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（语气）and apparent class（显而易见的等级）. The terms for ‘Mister’
is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’
(as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the
family resides（存在）. In
contrast（相对而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’
If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to
memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you
fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one
is in and what actions are appropriate（适宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和谐）.
Questions 6‑10: Choose
the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
6. Why
is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here?

选项:

• A. It
is mentioned here because it plays an important role in moral education.

• B. It
is mentioned here because it is an important part of the Chinese face.

• C. It is mentioned here for both reasons stated in A and B.

• D. It is mentioned
here for some reasons other than those stated in A or B.

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问题 31: 31. 7. As
a superior you give face ________.

选项:

• A. by praising your
subordinates

• B. by gaining face through
praising your subordinates

• C. by
understanding your role in the hierarchy

• D. by
instructing your subordinates

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问题 32: 32. 8. As
a subordinate you give face ________.

选项:

• A. by gaining face through
praising your superior

• B. by
praising your superior

• C. by
instructing your superior

• D. by
letting your superior to give you face

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问题 33: 33. 9. Why
is Chinese family structure mentioned here?

选项:

• A. It is mentioned here because
it plays an important role in moral education.

• B. It
is mentioned here because it shows Confucian hierarchies of face.

• C. It is
mentioned here for both reasons stated in A and B.

• D. It is mentioned here for some
reasons other than those stated in A or B.

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问题 34: 34. 10. According
to the author, how are face and harmony related?

选项:

• A. One gives face by understanding
what actions are appropriate to maintain harmony.

• B. One
gains face by understanding the role he is in and act to maintain harmony.

• C. One gains face by understanding
what harmony is.

• D. One gives face by understanding
what harmony is.

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问题 35: 35. We learn ethnocentrism very early in life, and primarily on the unconscious level.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 36: 36. Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 37: 37. Low-power-distance countries such as New Zealand, the United States and India hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 38: 38. Low-power-distance countries such as Finland, Denmark and Greece hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 39: 39. Generally speaking, Chinese people prefer the inductive patterns, while the westerners prefer the deductive patterns.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 40: 40. Culture shock is abnormal, unhealthy psychological reaction to the stress of living in another culture, associated with feelings of unhappiness, loneliness, homesickness, sadness, indecision, frustration and even physical illness.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 41: 41. Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Dressing

• B. Language

• C. Values

• D. Habits

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问题 42: 42. “God help those who help themselves” indicates western cultural values of_________.

选项:

• A. high power distance

• B. low uncertainty avoidance

• C. individualism

• D. low orientation

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问题 43: 43. Which one of the
following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Language

• B. Values

• C. Attitudes

• D. Behavior

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问题 44: 44. Of the following countries, which one can clearly be seen as collectivism?

选项:

• A. Italy

• B. China

• C. France

• D. the United States

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问题 45: 45. The “American dream” is clearly a representation of _________.

选项:

• A. extrem power

• B. power distance

• C. minimalism

• D. individualism

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问题 46: 46. The principles of Traditional
Chinese Medicine best illustrate _________ of Chinese people.

选项:

• A. the abstract way of
thinking

• B. the concrete way of thinking

• C. the synthetic way of
thinking

• D. the analytic way of
thinking

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问题 47: 47. Which one of the
following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Artifacts

• B. Values

• C. Diet

• D. Perception

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问题 48: 48. Of the following countries, which one can clearly be seen as collectivism?

选项:

• A. The United Kingdom

• B. Brazil

• C. Italy

• D. China

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问题 49: 49. Which one of the
following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Diet

• B. Artifacts

• C. Values

• D. Attitudes

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问题 50: 50. Of the following countries, which one is typically a hierarchy society?

选项:

• A. United States

• B. Canada

• C. Japan

• D. Brazil

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问题 51: 51. Countries like China, Japan and South Korea rank high in long-term orientation index.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 52: 52. Individualistic cultures require an absolute loyalty to the group.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 53: 53. The crisis stage of intercultural communication is always characterized by irritation and hostility towards the host country.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 54: 54. Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 55: 55. Low-power-distance countries such as Austria, Denmark and Finland hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 56: 56. Confrontation is acceptable during negotiations in Japan.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 57: 57. What is the meaning of the phrase "a white elephant" in English?

选项:

• A. A valuable ornamental object.

• B. A rare and precious animal.

• C. An unwanted and burdensome possession.

• D. A symbol of purity and innocence.

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问题 58: 58. The “American dream” is clearly a representation of _________.

选项:

• A. power distance

• B. collectivism

• C. uncertainty
avoidance

• D. individualism

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问题 59: 59. Of the following countries, which one can clearly be seen as collectivism?

选项:

• A. Canada

• B. Greece

• C. China

• D. Italy

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问题 60: 60. Of the following countries, which one can clearly be seen as collectivism?

选项:

• A. Italy

• B. China

• C. Egypt

• D. Canada

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问题 61: 61. The “American dream” is clearly a representation of _________.

选项:

• A. uncertainty

• B. infinity

• C. power distance

• D. individualism

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问题 62: 62. Which one of the
following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?

选项:

• A. Diet

• B. Values

• C. Attitudes

• D. Language

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问题 63: 63. Inductive pattern of
discourse ___________.

选项:

• A. is a pattern in which
the point is to think in terms of images

• B. tends to use a “detail-topic”
order of presentation

• C. is a pattern to present
the conclusion at the beginning and then make it clear why the speaker is
coming to that particular conclusion

• D. is from general to
specific

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问题 64: 64. Which rule before an intercultural negotiation is TRUE as a starting point for negotiations to follow? _________.

选项:

• A. Determine that the negotiation is feasible.

• B. Define the objectives to be gained from the negotiation.

• C. Research your facts such as culture-specific information and business style.

• D. All of the above.

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问题 65: 1. Part II. True or False (20%)
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
【做题说明：请判断下列陈述为真实或错误，分别选出对应选项。包含10题，每题2分，共计20分。】

Silence may be interpreted differently in different cultures.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 66: 2. In low-context cultures, members need to explicitly express behaviors and values during communication.

选项:

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问题 67: 3. Where do their meanings come from? The answer is that meanings of words are usually conventionalized, influenced enormously by culture.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 68: 4. Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating, complementing or regulating verbal communication.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 69: 5. Research shows that the majority of our communication is nonverbal.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 70: 6. Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating verbal communication.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 71: 7. Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of complementing or regulating verbal communication.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 72: 8. Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating, complementing or accenting verbal communication.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 73: 9. Nonverbal behaviors can replace verbal communication to convey certain meanings. For example, you can wave hands to friends far away to greet them.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 74: 10. Part III. Multiple Choice Questions (30%)
Directions: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
【做题说明：请选择最合适的一项填充句子或回答问题。包含15题，每题2分，共计30分。】

The ring gesture, where you form an “O” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _______.

选项:

• A. worthless

• B. good

• C. expensive

• D. great

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问题 75: 11. Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings.
Which of the following is an example for this?

选项:

• A. 马/horse

• B. 山羊/goat

• C. 龙/dragon

• D. 老鼠/mouse

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问题 76: 12. Nobody can persuade him to do that. He is as timid as a _______.

选项:

• A. donkey

• B. rabbit

• C. cat

• D. mouse

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问题 77: 13. Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings.
Which of the following is an example for this?

选项:

• A. 老鼠/mouse

• B. 猪/pig

• C. 龙/dragon

• D. 猫头鹰/owl

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问题 78: 14. My mother is always as busy as a ________.

选项:

• A. bee

• B. cat

• C. fly（苍蝇）

• D. dog

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问题 79: 15. He is not popular with his coworkers, since he is as cunning as a dead ________.

选项:

• A. bird

• B. mouse

• C. pig

• D. cat

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问题 80: 16. Which word in English has a connotation that is derogatory due to cultural influence?

选项:

• A. Politician

• B. Doctor

• C. Teacher

• D. Engineer

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问题 81: 17. —These days Mr. Smith looks anxious and restless. What happened?
—I heard his wife was in the family way this month.

选项:

• A. pregnant

• B. married

• C. badly sick

• D. dead

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问题 82: 18. Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings.
Which of the following is an example for this?

选项:

• A. 马/horse

• B. 龙/dragon

• C. 公鸡/cock

• D. 山羊/goat

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问题 83: 19. Nonverbal communication includes all of the following but NOT _______.

选项:

• A. telephone messages

• B. eye movements

• C. facial expressions

• D. gestures

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问题 84: 20. Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings.
Which of the following is an example for this?

选项:

• A. 鱼/fish

• B. 鸭子/duck

• C. 熊猫/panda

• D. 龙/dragon

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问题 85: 21. We know that the dog is regarded as man’s best friend in the west, and there are many metaphors that show people’s positive attitude towards the dog, such as _______.

选项:

• A. as busy as a dog

• B. as faithful as a dog

• C. hungry as a dog

• D. He worked like a dog

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问题 86: 22. The English equivalent for the Chinese expression “一箭双雕” will be ______.

选项:

• A. to kill two birds with one gun

• B. to kill two birds with one stone

• C. to kill two birds with one arrow

• D. to kill two birds with one bow

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问题 87: 23. According to Edward T. Hall's cultural theory, which culture relies more on nonverbal communication and implicit context information?

选项:

• A. Written communication culture

• B. High-context culture

• C. Electronic media culture

• D. Low-context culture

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问题 88: 24. Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings.
Which of the following is an example for this?

选项:

• A. 马/horse

• B. 老鼠/mouse

• C. 蛇/snake

• D. 龙/dragon

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问题 89: 25. Part IV. Reading Comprehension (20%)
Directions: Read the following two passages and answer the questions for each.

【做题说明：请阅读以下两篇短文并回答问题。包含10题，每题2分，共计20分。】
Passage One
Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鸽”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐狸” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐狸一样狡猾”.
However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龙” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龙” (hold high hopes for one’s child).

Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
1. Some English words about animals carry both denotative and connotative meanings.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 90: 26. 2. Many words from Chinese and English are the same in
both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings, such as “fox” and “狐狸”.

选项:

• A. True

• B. False

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问题 91: 27. Passage Two
Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough,

but nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behavior includes areas
such as eye contact, facial expressions, postures, gestures, and the use of time, space,

and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and

space have always been open to interpretation. Does a raised eyebrow mean that your

boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it? Does a closed
door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a

project that requires concentration? Deciphering nonverbal communication is

difficult for people who are culturally similar, and it is even more troublesome when

cultures differ.
In Western cultures, for example, people perceive silence as negative. It suggests

rejection, unhappiness, facial expression, regret, embarrassment, or ignorance.
However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese

proverb says, “Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.”

Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry

silent men. Silence is equated with wisdom.
Questions 6-10:
Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
6. According to this passage, what does nonverbal communication include?

选项:

• A. The use of time

• B. Facial expressions

• C. Gestures

• D. All of the above

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问题 92: 28. 8. What is the main idea of Paragraph One?

选项:

• A. Verbal communication is important.

• B. Nonverbal skills are more difficult to learn among

different cultures.

• C. Nonverbal communication is easy to learn.

• D. Verbal skills are easy to be mastered.

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问题 93: 29. 9. How do western people view silence?

选项:

• A. It is positive.

• B. It is approved.

• C. It suggests unhappiness.

• D. It suggests agreement.

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